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Details Title: Special Education Final Description: Chapters 6, 13, 14, 16 Total Flash Cards: 85 Created: 11/29/2006 13:19:48	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Speech disorder Definition Difficulty producing sounds as well as disorders of voice quality Term Language disorder Definition Difficulty receiving, understanding, and formulating ideas and information. Term Receptive language disorder Definition difficulty receiving or understanding information Term Expressive language disorder Definition difficulty formulating ideas and information Term Incidence of communication disorders Definition 18.8% of all students receiving special education Term Inclusion of students with communication disorders Definition Most spend most of their time in the regular classroom Term Speech Definition the oral expression of language Term Language Definition structured, shared, rule-governed, symbolic system for communicating Term Phonology Definition use of sounds to make meaningful syllables and words Term Morphology Definition system that governs the structure of words Term Syntax Definition provides rules for putting together a series of words to form sentences Term Semantics Definition meaning of what is expressed Term Pragmatics Definition use of communication in contexts; the overall organizer for language Term Social interaction theories Definition emphasize that communication skills are learned through social interactions Term Articulation Definition speaker's production of individual or sequenced sounds Term Substitution articulation error Definition when one substitues one sound for another Term Omission articulation error Definition when one leaves out a phoneme Term Addition articulation error Definition when one adds an additional phoneme to a word Term Distortion articulation error Definition modifications of a production of a phoneme in a word; lisp Term Apraxia Definition motor speech disorder that affects the way in which a student plans to produce speech Term Pitch (voice) Definition Determined by rate of vibration in the vocal folds Term Duration (voice) Definition length of time any speech sound requires Term Intensity (voice) Definition Based on perception of listener by air; determined by air pressure coming f rom the lungs Term Resonance (voice) Definition perceived quality of someone's voice Term Hyponasality Definition when air cannot pass through the nose and comes through the mouth instead Term hypernasality Definition when air is allowed to pass through nasal cavity more often than it should Term fluent speech Definition smooth, flows well, appears to be effortless Term Phonology disorders Definition unable to discriminate differences in speech sounds or sound segments Term Morhpology disorders Definition difficulties with using the structure of words to get or give information Term Syntax disorders Definition errors involving word disorder Term Pragmatics disorders Definition ex. when a student talks for a long time and does not allow anyone else to speak Term Articulation & apraxia assessment Definition evaluate a student's abilities to produce speech sounds in single words, sentences, and conversation Term Voice assessments Definition include info about onset and course of voice problem Term Fluency assessment Definition measures amount and type of dysfluency Term AAC devices Definition augmentative and alternative communication system consisting of two components: a symbol set and a means for selecting the symbols Term UDL-Communication disorders Definition Using audio & text formats; varying teaching medium Term System for Augmenting LAnguage Definition -Uses an AAC to augment naturally occurring communications Term Traumatic brain injury Definition an acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force Term Open head injury Definition penetrates the bones of the skull allowing bacteria to have contact with the brain Term Closed head injury Definition results from an external blow causing the brain to rub the skull's interior Term Prevalence of traumatic rain injuries Definition 0.03% in schools receiving special education Term Percentage of students w/ a mild TBI Definition 75% Term Males vs. females w/ TBI Definition Males twice as likely as males to get it Term Characteristics of TBI Definition will differ with severity and length of coma Term TBI recuperation Definition Cognition often improves with rehabilitation Term Cognitive changes of TBI Definition -Problems w/ attention & memory -Disruptions in higher-order social cognition tasts -Disruptions in executive functioning associated w/ reasoning Term Communication changes with TBI Definition 10%-20% have difficulty with central auditory processing which involves the ability to track conversations Term Behavior & TBI Definition Students w/ TBI are 3x more likely to develop serious problem behavior Term four major causes of TBI Definition Accidents, falls, violence-related incidents, & recreational injuries Term Computerized (axial) tomography Definition -Uses x-rays to show cross-section of brain & skull Term Magnetic Resonance Imaginc Definition Uses a strong magnetic field to providde detailed pictures of brain Term fMRI Definition Maps brain activity by monitoring metabolic changes Term Positron emission tomography Definition Produces 3-d pix based on recording a radioactive chem injected in body Term Test of problem solving-elementary, revised Definition focuses on problem-solving skills Term Cognitive retraining Definition involves instruction to recapture lost skills like processing info, communication, & socialization Term Solving a problem Definition 1) Problem identification 2) Problem definition 3) Solution generation Term Deafness Definition a hearing impairment so severe student is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing Term Deaf threshhold Definition Had hearing loss of 70-90db Term Hard of hearing threshhold Definition Hearing loss in the 20-70db range Term Outer ear Definition -Consists of auricle & ear canal -Collects sound waves & funnels them Term Middle ear Definition Ossicular chain - malleus, incus, & stapes Term cochlea Definition houses actual organ of hearing and vestibular mechanism Term Organ of hearing Definition Organ of Corti Term Vestibular mechanism Definition Sensory organ of balance Term Speech reading Definition Reading facial features to discern speech Term Auditory-verbal format Definition encourages early identification adn subsequent amplification or cochlear implants Term Oral/aural format Definition Emphasizes the use of amplified sound to develop oral laguage, allowing use of speech reading to augment info Term Manual communication Definition Sign language/fingerspelling Term Cued speech Definition Intended to make facial features fully visible Term Genetic causes of hearing loss Definition 80% from inherited recessive gene Term Hypoxia Definition Lack of oxygen before birth; cause of deafness Term Prenatal infections that cause hearing loss Definition Toxoplasmosis, herpes virus, syphilis, and cytomegalovirus Term Otologist Definition Doctor who specializes in diseases of the ear Term Cochlear implant Definition Electronic device surgically implanted under the skin behind the ear that simulates hearing Term Sound-field amplification system Definition teacher transmits her voice using a microphone & cieling-mounted speakers Term Criteria for gifted students Definition No single national definition; unclear to categorize #s of gifted Term Gifted students & diversity Definition Underrepresentation of minorities (not Asians) Term Prodigy Definition surpasses unusual promise to being unmistakably extraordinary Term Giftedness and leadership Definition 15 states include it in their definitions of giftedness Term Four areas of creativity Definition Intuitive, affective, physical/sensing, rational Term Giftedness and behavior Definition Some behave well, some behave poorly; many have unquenchable curiosity which can distract class Term DISCOVER Definition a reliable, validated assessment for identifying giftedness in students from diverse backgrounds Term Co-teaching Definition involves a gened teacher and specialist in another field Term Acceleration Definition Moving students rapidly through standard sequence of curriculum by having the skip a course or grade Term Compact the curriciulum Definition pretesting student then leaving out portions student already knows