Term
Chapter 9: Public Opinion and Persuation
What are the two types of opinion leaders?
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Definition
- Formal opinion leaders
- Informal opinion leaders
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Term
Chapter 9: Public Opinion and Persuation
What are some characteristics of opinion leaders? |
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Definition
- Highly interested
- Better informed
- Avid consumers of mass media
- Early adopters
- Good organizers
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Term
Chapter 9: Public Opinion and Persuation
What's an example of a Formal opinion leader and what are they known as? |
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Definition
- Elected officials, presidents of companies, heads of membership groups.
- known as power leaders
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Term
Chapter 9: Public Opinion and Persuation
Explain informal opinion leaders |
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Definition
| these leaders have a strong influence with peers because of some special characteristic. |
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Term
Chapter 9: Public Opinion and Persuation
What is agenda-setting theory? |
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Definition
| The idea that media tells us what is important and sets are agenda for public disscusion. tells us what to think about, not necessarily what to think. |
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Term
Chapter 9: Public Opinion and Persuation
What is media-dependency theory? |
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Definition
| The idea that mass media can have a powerful effect on the formation of opinions and attitudes especially when we have no prior information on the subject. mass media tells us what to think. |
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Term
Chapter 9: Public Opinion and Persuation
What is Framing theory? |
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Definition
| The idea that how journalists frame a story with facts, themes, and even words can impact public understanding and how we view an issue. |
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Term
Chapter 9: Public Opinion and Persuation
What is Conflict theory? |
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Definition
| The idea providing conflicting insight into the differences among individuals or groups can create a constructive process that builds towards concesus. |
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Term
Chapter 9: Public Opinion and Persuation
What are the three factors of source credibility? |
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Definition
- Expertise
- Sincerity
- Charisma
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
What are the two factors of Threat Appraisal Model? |
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Definition
- Organizational resources
- Situational resources
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
What are the characteristics of Organizational Resources? |
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Definition
- Knowledge
- Time
- Finances
- Management commitment
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
What are the characteristics of Situational Resources? |
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Definition
- Severity of danger
- Required efforts
- Uncertainty of facts/situations
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
What are the four phases of the Conflict Management Life Cycle? |
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Definition
- Proactive Phase
- Strategic Phase
- Reactive Phase
- Recovery Phase
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
Define Proactive phase |
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Definition
| Activities to prevent conflict from arising |
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
What are the four strategies within the proactive phase? |
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Definition
- Environmental scanning
- Issue tracking
- Issues management
- General crisis plan
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
Explain environmental scanning |
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Definition
| the constant reading, listening, and watching current affairs with an eye to the organizations interests. |
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
Explain issues tracking |
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Definition
| as issues emerge, issues tracking become more focused and systematic |
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
Explain issues management |
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Definition
| occurs when the organization makes behavioral changes or creates strategic plans in ways to address the emerging issue. |
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
Explain general crisis plan |
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Definition
| well-run organizations will also develop this as a first step in preparing for the worst crisis situation. |
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
What starts happening the strategic phase |
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Definition
| Issues begin emerging as conflict; needs concerted action by PR professionals |
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
What are the three strategies within the strategic phase? |
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Definition
- Risk communication
- Conflict positioning
- Crisis management plan
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
explain risk communication |
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Definition
| Dangers or threats to people or organizations are conveyed to forestall personal injury, health problems, and environmental damage. this continues as long as the risk exists or until the risk escalates into a crisis. |
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
explain conflict positioning |
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Definition
| this strategy enables the organization to position itself favorably in anticipation of actions such as litigation, boycott, adverse legislation, elections, or similar events that will play out in "the court of public opinion" |
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
explain crisis management plan |
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Definition
| this type of strategy is created for a specific issue |
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
What happens at the Reactive phase? |
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Definition
| the issue reaches crisis stage |
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
What are the strategies within the reactive phase? |
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Definition
- Crisis management plan implemented
- 24/7 efforts
- Possible negotiation strategies
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
explain 24/7 efforts |
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Definition
| 24/7 efforts is used to meet the needs of publics such as disaster victims, employees, government officials, and the media after the crisis management plan has been implemented. |
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
explain a possible negotiation technique and why its used |
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Definition
| Conflict resolution techniques are used to bring a heated conflict, such as collapsed salary negotiations to a favorable resolution. |
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
explaing what the recovery phase is |
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Definition
| This is the aftermath of the crisis; employ strategies to bolster/repair reputation |
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
What are the strategies are within the recovery phase? |
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Definition
- Repuation management
- return to proactive phase
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
explain reputation management |
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Definition
| this strategy includes the use of systematic research to learn the state of the organizations reputation and then take steps to improve it |
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
What is the last thing you should do in the recovery phase? |
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Definition
| return to the proactive phase |
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Term
Chapter 10: Conflict Management
What are the strategies for responding crises under Coombs' typology? |
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Definition
DEFENSIVE
Attack the accuser
Denial
Excuse
Justification
ACCOMMODATIVE
Ingratiation
Corrective action
Full apology |
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Term
Chatper 11: Reaching Diverse Audiences
What are the three major age groups? |
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Definition
- Youth & young adults
- Baby boomers
- Seniors
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Term
Chatper 11: Reaching Diverse Audiences
What are the characteristics of the youth & young adults? |
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Definition
- Trusts information comes from relationships
- Avid/skilled internet users
- Recognize editorial credability
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Term
Chatper 11: Reaching Diverse Audiences
What are the characteristics of the baby boomers? |
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Definition
- Active/socially conscious
- Health conscious
- get involved in causes
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Term
Chatper 11: Reaching Diverse Audiences
What are the characteristics of seniors? |
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Definition
- Less easily convinced; demands value
- Watch a lot of television
- Excellent source of volunteers
- Extremely health conscious
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Term
Chapter 12: Public Relations and the Law
Define conspiracy
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Definition
| Providing advice or tacitly support an illegal activity of a client or employer |
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Term
Chapter 12: Public Relations and the Law
Define libel |
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Definition
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Term
Chapter 12: Public Relations and the Law
Define slander |
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Definition
| Oral statement that was false |
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Term
Chapter 13: The Internet and Social Media
What are some of the benefits with technology/internet for PR professionals |
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Definition
- Great amount of information updated quickly and inexpensively
- Provides interactive, two-way communication
- Gives direct access to key publics without katekeepers
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Term
Chapter 17: Corporations
What are the three reasons corporations seek better reputations?
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Definition
- Ward off increased government regulations
- Less employee turnover
- affects bottom line
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Term
Chapter 17: Corporations
Define product placement |
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Definition
| refers to the appearence of a product as part of a movie or television program, thereby helping to promote the brand |
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Term
Chapter 17: Corporations
Define cause-related marketing |
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Definition
| this means that a profit-making company collaberates with a nonprofit organization to advance the latter's cause and, at the same time, increase the former's sales |
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Term
Chapter 17: Corporations
Define corporate sponsorships |
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Definition
| A form of cause-related marketing in which a corporations have various activities and events such as concerts, art exhibits, races, and scientific expeditions. this can be more cost effective than advertising. |
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Term
Chapter 18: Entertainment, Sports, and Tourism
Explain the "drip-drip-drip" technique |
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Definition
| this means there is a steady output of information about the production. putting out a flow of stories for the general and trade press. Motion picture studios, television production firms, and networks use this. |
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Term
Chapter 18: Entertainment, Sports, and Tourism
What are some of the tasks/responsibilities that sports PR professionals do? |
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Definition
- Arouse public interest
- sell tickets
- Publicize corporate sponsors
- Community relations
- Crisis management
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Term
Chapter 20: Global Public Relations
What are the two different types of cultures?
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Definition
- High context cultures
- Low context cultures
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Term
Chapter 20: Global Public Relations
What are the characteristics of a high context culture? |
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Definition
- Implicit verbal communication
- Group harmony
- Social relationships
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Term
Chapter 20: Global Public Relations
What are the two characteristics of a low context culture and how do high context cultures view them? |
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Definition
- Explicit verbal communication
- Direct(blunt)
- view them as: opinionated, verbose, clock watchers
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Term
Chapter 20: Global Public Relations
What are some tips/guidelines that business travelers should use? |
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Definition
- Read a map - familiarize yourself with local geography
- Dress up - sometimes casual dress is a sign of disrespect
- Talk small - don't brag about wealth, power, or status
- No slang - casual profanity is unacceptable
- Slow down - many other cultures talk, eat, and move slower than us
- Listen as much as you talk
- Speak lower and slower - a loud voice is often seen as bragging
- Exercise religious restraint - in many countries religion is not the subject for discussion
- Excercise political restraint
- Learn some words - learn some simple phrases in the host country
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Term
Chapter 20: Global Public Relations
What are the five major reasons foreign corporations use U.S. PR firms |
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Definition
- Restrictions on outsourcing
- Restrictions on product sales
- Information on U.S. developments
- Support markets in U.S.
- Crisis management
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Term
Chapter 21: Nonprofit, Health, and Education
What is the most time consuming task for nonprofit success? |
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Definition
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Term
Chapter 21: Nonprofit, Health, and Education
What are the four primary audiences in the health care sector? |
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Definition
- Patients
- Medical/administrative staff
- News media
- Community
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Term
Chapter 21: Nonprofit, Health, and Education
What are the four publics in the education sector? |
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Definition
- Teachers/staff
- Students
- Parents
- Community
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