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Southern Dr. Iieve
microbiology
79
Biology
Undergraduate 2
09/13/2008
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Term

Which is/are the correct form(s)?

A.   Staphylococcus aureusB.   Staphylococcus aureusC.   staphylococcus aureusD.   S. aureusE.   Staphylococcus aureus AND S. aureus

 

 Definition
E.   Staphylococcus aureus AND S. aureus
Term

Which of these may pertain to the term strain?

a.   E. coli 0157:H7   b.   E. coli                   c.   minor variation of a speciesd.   major variation of a species   E. coli 0157:H7 AND minor variation of a species

 Definition
E   E. coli 0157:H7 AND minor variation of a species
Term

Viruses

 A.   are obligate intracellular parasites.B.   are single-celled organisms.C.   consist of only proteins.D.   are in the Domain Archaea.E.   are obligate intracellular parasites AND are single-celled organisms. 

 Definition
A   are obligate intracellular parasites.
Term
.  Viruses, viroids and prions all                                           A.   operate intracellularly.B.   may be considered acellular agents of disease.C.   contain DNA.D.   infect only animals.E.   operate intracellularly AND may be considered acellular agents of disease. 
 Definition
E   operate intracellularly AND may be considered acellular agents of disease.
Term
The idea of Spontaneous Generation postulated that A.   organisms could evolve into the next generation of organisms.B.   organisms could spontaneously combust.C.   organisms could spontaneously arise from other living organisms.D.   living organisms could spontaneously arise from non-living material.
 Definition
D   living organisms could spontaneously arise from non-living material. 
Term
Which of these scientist(s) was/were involved in, among other things, investigating the idea
of spontaneous generation? A.   RediB.   van LeeuwenhoekC.   PasteurD.   EscherichE.   Redi AND Pasteur
 Definition
E   Redi AND Pasteur
Term
The work of Tyndall and Cohn A.   supported the idea of spontaneous generation.B.   was used to explain why others investigating spontaneous generation had obtained results that were opposite of those obtained by Pasteur.C.   showed that microbes caused disease.D.   allowed scientists to see microorganisms. 
 Definition
B   was used to explain why others investigating spontaneous generation had obtained results that were opposite of those obtained by Pasteur.
Term
The opposite results obtained by scientists apparently doing the same experiments in
investigating spontaneous generation A.   shows the importance of repeating experiments.B.   shows the importance of exactly duplicating experimental conditions.C.   led to further experiments that ultimately furthered knowledge.D.   All of the choices are correct.
 Definition
D   All of the choices are correct. 
Term
The scientist usually considered the first to see microorganisms, which he called "animalcules", was
Definition
B   van Leeuwenhoek
Term
If while investigating Spontaneous Generation, Pasteur had his laboratory located in a stable A.   the results would, most likely, have supported the idea of spontaneous generation.B.   the results would, most likely, have not supported the idea of spontaneous generation.C.   this would have had no effect on his results.D.   this would have shown his love of horses.
 Definition
A   the results would, most likely, have supported the idea of spontaneous generation
Term
Cellulose is a major component of plants and is only directly digested by A.   herbivores.B.   carnivores.C.   termites.D.   microorganisms. 
 Definition
D   microorganisms.
Term

Plants are dependent on microorganisms

A.   providing oxygen. 

B.   providing water.     C.   changing atmospheric nitrogen to a usable form.                      D.   providing carbohydrates.

 Definition
C   changing atmospheric nitrogen to a usable form.
Term
 13.  Microorganisms are involved in A.   causing disease.B.   curing/treating disease.C.   preparing food.D.   cleaning up pollutants.E.   All of the choices are correct
 Definition
E   All of the choices are correct.
Term
.  Genetic engineering A.   is used to change the characteristics/abilities of organisms.B.   is involved in making vaccines.C.   is involved in making various molecules, such as interferon.D.   involves manipulating DNA.E.   All of the choices are correct.
 Definition
E   All of the choices are correct
Term
.  Bioremediation refers to A.   rehabilitating wayward bacteria.B.   using bacteria to clean up pollutants.C.   vaccine development.D.   monitoring newly discovered disease organisms.
 Definition
B   using bacteria to clean up pollutants.
Term
.  The Golden Age of Medical Microbiology A.   occurred during the late 1800's to early 1900's.B.   started in the 1990's with the advent of genetic engineering.C.   is a time when the knowledge of and techniques to work with bacteria blossomed.D.   was when people realized that diseases could be caused by invisible agents.E.   occurred during the late 1800's to early 1900's, is a time when the knowledge of and techniques to work with bacteria blossomed AND was when people realized that diseases could be caused by invisible agents. 
 Definition
E   occurred during the late 1800's to early 1900's, is a time when the knowledge of and techniques to work with bacteria blossomed AND was when people realized that diseases could be caused by invisible agents.
Term
.  Newly emerging or re-emerging diseases A.   may be due to changing lifestyles.B.   are exemplified by Lyme Disease and toxic shock syndrome.C.   may reflect a breakdown in sanitation/social order.D.   may be related to global cooling.E.   may be due to changing lifestyles, are exemplified by Lyme Disease and toxic shock syndrome AND may refect a breakdown in sanitation/social order. 
 Definition
E   may be due to changing lifestyles, are exemplified by Lyme Disease and toxic shock syndrome AND may refect a breakdown in sanitation/social order. 
Term
Microorganisms are involved in A.   production of medicinal products.B.   transforming atmospheric nitrogen to a form useful to plants.C.   food production.D.   pollution cleanup.E.   All of the choices are correct.
 Definition
E   All of the choices are correct. 
Term
The outbreak of measles within the last few years was due to A.   mutation of the virus.B.   change in the environment.C.   a decline in vaccination of children in the previous years.D.   increase in sensitivity of detection techniques.
 Definition
C   a decline in vaccination of children in the previous years.
Term
Diseases such as ulcers and cardiovascular disease A.   have been shown to be, or may be due to, a bacterial infection.B.   are solely due to lifestyle.C.   are solely due to genetics.D.   are due to new mutations in bacteria.
 Definition
A   have been shown to be, or may be due to, a bacterial infection.
Term
 21.  Bacteria A.   are not found on our bodies.B.   are only found on small select parts of our bodies.C.   provide protection to us from disease by covering our bodies.D.   always cause disease when growing on our bodies
 Definition
C   provide protection to us from disease by covering our bodies.
Term
22.  Bacteria are good models to use because they A.   are large in size.                               B.   share many biochemical/physiological properties with more complicated organisms.C.   can be assembled into multicellular organisms.D.   have complicated growth requirements.
 Definition
B   share many biochemical/physiological properties with more complicated organisms
Term
23.  Lyme Disease is an example of a disease A.   that is due to changing lifestyles.B.   that is due to a decline in vaccinations.C.   that is due to a mutation.D.   that is due to climate change.
 Definition
A   that is due to changing lifestyles.
Term
24.  Which is usually true of Bacteria? A.   They are found as rods, spheres, or spirals.B.   They reproduce by binary fission.C.   They contain rigid cell walls made of peptidoglycan.D.   They are found as single cells.E.   All of the choices are correct.
 Definition
E   All of the choices are correct.
Term
25.  Which is usually true of Archaea? A.   They are found as rods, spheres, or spirals.B.   They reproduce by binary fission.C.   They contain rigid cell walls.                                  D.   They are found as single cells.E.   All of the choices are correct.
 Definition
E   All of the choices are correct.
Term
26.  Which is not usually true of Archaea? A.   They are found as rods, spheres, or spirals.B.   They reproduce by binary fission.C.   They contain rigid cell walls.D.   They are found as single cells.E.   They contain peptidoglycan as part of their cell walls. 
 Definition
E   They contain peptidoglycan as part of their cell walls.
Term
27.  Eucarya A.   consist of only multicellular organisms.B.   have a more complex internal structure than Archaea or Bacteria.C.   have a simpler internal structure than Archaea or Bacteria.D.   have a membrane around the DNA.E.   have a more complex internal structure than Archaea or Bacteria AND have a membrane around the DNA.
 Definition
E   have a more complex internal structure than Archaea or Bacteria AND have a membrane around the DNA
Term
28.  The science of genomics A.   requires sequencing of organisms' DNA.B.   is the study of viruses.C.   hopes to use the DNA sequence to better understand the functioning of organisms.D.   is the study of emerging diseases.E.   requires sequencing of organisms' DNA AND hopes to use the DNA sequence to better understand the functioning of organisms.
 Definition
E   requires sequencing of organisms' DNA AND hopes to use the DNA sequence to better understand the functioning of organisms. 
Term
29.  Organisms A.   may be classified in four domains.B.   may be classified in three domains.C.   probably do not have a common ancestor.D.   have never shared genes between domains.E.   may be classified in three domains, probably do not have a common ancestor AND have never shared genes between domains. 
 Definition
B   may be classified in three domains.
Term
30.  Viroids A.   are naked pieces of RNA.B.   are naked pieces of DNA.C.   are known to cause neurodegenerative diseases in animals.D.   are composed of protein encasing DNA.E.   are known to cause neurodegenerative diseses in animals AND are composed of protein encasing DNA.
 Definition
A   are naked pieces of RNA
Term
 31.  Outside a cell, viruses are A.   running a small number of biochemical reactions.B.   synthesizing proteins necessary for entry into the host.C.   inactive.D.   constructing a cell membrane known as an envelope.E.   running a small number of biochemical reactions AND synthesizing proteins necessary for entry into the host. 
 Definition
C   inactive.
Term
32.  Viruses may only be grown A.   in inanimate chemical growth media.B.   in living cells.C.   at body temperature.D.   in darkness.                         
Definition
B   in living cells.
Term
33.  Viruses are in the group A.   Viridaeae.B.   Eukarya.C.   Archaea.D.   Bacteria.E.   None of the choices is correct. 
 Definition
E   None of the choices is correct. 
Term
34.  Prions A.   are only composed of RNA.B.   are only composed of DNA.C.   are only composed of protein.D.   cause diseases in plants.E.   are only composed of RNA AND cause diseases in plants.
 Definition
C   are only composed of protein.
Term
                                                                     35.  The word "Animalcule" was coined by A.   Pasteur.B.   van Leeuwenhoek.C.   Redi.D.   Tyndall.
 Definition
B   van Leeuwenhoek
Term
36.  The structures present in the hay infusions used in experiments on Spontaneous Generation that made them difficult to sterilize are A.   chlorophyll.B.   toxins.C.   organelles.D.   endospores.
 Definition
D   endospores.
Term
37.  The cell types which lack a membrane bound nucleus are found in the A.   eukaryotes.B.   prokaryotes.C.   archaea.D.   protista.E.   prokaryotes AND archaea
 Definition
E   prokaryotes AND archaea.
Term
38.  A new organism was found that was unicellular and 1 cm long. The "large" size of this organism alone would A.   mean that it could not be a bacteria.B.   mean that it had to be a protista.C.   mean little.D.   mean that it had to be in the domain Eukarya
 Definition
C   mean little.
Term
39.  Some Archaea are commonly found in A.   meteors.B.   boiling hot springs.C.   the Great Salt Lake.D.   your refrigerator.E.   boiling hot springs AND the Great Salt Lake.
 Definition
E   boiling hot springs AND the Great Salt Lake. 
Term
40.  Viruses are often referred to as A.   infectious agents.B.   eubacteria.C.   archaebacteria.D.   cellular agents.
 Definition
A   infectious agents.
Term
41.  The system by which organisms are named is referred to as A.   systematics.B.   naming.C.   nomenclature.D.   cladistics.
 Definition
C   nomenclature.
Term
42.  The scientific name of an organism includes its A.   family and genus.B.   first name and last name.C.   genus and species.D.   domain.E.   genus and species AND domain.
 Definition
C   genus and species
Term
43.  Both viruses and viroids are A.   capable of independent reproduction.B.   obligate intracellular parasites.C.   interdependent with one another for reproduction.D.   larger than most bacteria in size.
 Definition
B   obligate intracellular parasites
Term
44.  Bacteria are useful to study because A.   they produce protein in a similar manner to more complex organisms.B.   they replicate DNA in a similar manner to more complex organisms.C.   they produce energy in a similar manner to more complex organisms.D.   they are grown quickly, easily, and cheaply.E.   All of the choices are correct. 
 Definition
E   All of the choices are correct. 
Term
45.  The smallest organism is probably determined by A.   the number of molecules necessary for its growth and replication.B.   the size of the molecules necessary for its growth and replication.C.   its membrane.                                               D.   its volume.E.   the number of molecules necessary for its growth and replication AND the size of the molecules necessary for its growth and replication. 
 Definition
E   the number of molecules necessary for its growth and replication AND the size of the molecules necessary for its growth and replication.
Term
46.  Bubonic plague A.   along with Lyme disease and Hanta virus, had an animal reservoir.B.   has been eliminated like smallpox.C.   is controlled with the the use of antivirals.D.   still occurs in mainly third world countries.E.   along with Lyme disease and Hanta virus, had an animal reservoir AND still occurs in mainly third world countries.
 Definition
E   along with Lyme disease and Hanta virus, had an animal reservoir AND still occurs in mainly third world countries.
Term
47.  Smallpox A.   has been eliminated.B.   still occasionally occurs in third world countries.C.   probably only had a human reservoir.D.   was dealt with by vaccination.E.   has been eliminated, probably only had a human reservoir AND was dealt with by vaccination.
 Definition
E   has been eliminated, probably only had a human reservoir AND was dealt with by vaccination. 
Term
48.  Bacteria are present on the body A.   only during disease-causing infections.B.   constantly.C.   only in certain restricted areas.D.   never.
 Definition
B   constantly.
Term
49.  Although it is said that the twentieth century was the Age of Physics, it is predicted that the twenty-first century will be the age of A.   chemistry.B.   computers.C.   biology and biotechnology.D.   mathematics.
 Definition
C   biology and biotechnology
Term
50.  Historically, most people have died as a result of A.   war.B.   infections.C.   old age.D.   malnutrition.
 Definition
B   infections.
Term
51.  Smallpox A.   aided European domination of New World Nations.B.   has not occurred anywhere in the world since 1977.C.   has potential as a weapon of bioterrorism.D.   has killed millions of people.E.   All of the choices are correct. 
 Definition
E   All of the choices are correct. 
Term
52.  The prokaryotic cell scheme is found in A.   Bacteria.B.   Archaea.C.   Eucarya.D.   All of the choices are correct.E.   Bacteria AND Archaea. 
 Definition
E   Bacteria AND Archaea.
Term
53.  Which group(s) below contain single-celled and multicellular organisms? A.   algaeB.   fungiC.   protozoaD.   All of the choices are correct.E.   algae AND fungi
 Definition
E   algae AND fungi
Term
Which of the following best matches the description:

a. Pasteur
b. Tyndall
c. Redi
d. van Leeuwenhoek
e. Cohn
 Definition
fill in the next 5 questions
Term
54.  Disproved spontaneous generation for "large" organisms.
Definition
c. Redi
Term
55.  Discovered the heat-resistant form of bacteria.
Definition
e. Cohn
Term
56.  Was the first to see microscopic organisms ________________________________________
 Definition
d. van Leeuwenhoek
Term
57.  Showed the importance of the hay infusion in the results concerning spontaneous generation.
Definition
a. Pasteur
Term
58.  Disproved spontaneous generation for "small" organisms.
Definition
a. Pasteur
Term
Which of the following best matches the description:

a. eukaryotes
b. prokaryotes
c. eukaryotes and prokaryotes
 Definition
use these to answer the following 5 questions
Term
59.  Has a nuclear membrane.
Definition
a. eukaryotes
Term
60.  Has a rigid cell wall made of peptidoglycan
 Definition
b. prokaryotes
Term
61.  May use flagella to move.
Definition
c. eukaryotes and prokaryotes 
Term
62.  Has internal organelles.
Definition
a. eukaryotes
Term
63.  Has a cytoskeleton
 Definition
a. eukaryotes
Term
64.  Bacteria and Eucarya both contain membrane-bound organelles. True    False
 Definition
False
Term
 65.  The scientific name of an organism indicates its domain. True    False
 Definition
false
Term
66.  Viroids are naked pieces of DNA that infect plants. True    False
 Definition
false
Term
 67.  Viruses simultaneously contain DNA, RNA and protein. True   or false
 Definition
false
Term
68.  Viruses, viroids, and prions are obligate intracellular agents. True    False
 Definition
true
Term
69.  Spontaneous generation referred to the idea that organisms came from other organisms. True    False
 Definition

false
Term
 70.  The human body only contains bacteria during illness. True    False 
 Definition
false
Term
71.  Viruses and bacteria are both based on the unit of a cell. True    False
 Definition
false
Term
 72.  The size of an organism determines its domain. True    False
 Definition
false
Term
73.  Archaea are very similar to Bacteria and have rigid cell walls made of peptidoglycan. True    False 
 Definition
false
Term
74.  Thiomargarita namibiensis could not be a eukaryote because it is only 1mm in width. True    False
 Definition
false
Term
 75.  What would likely have been the results of Pasteur's experiments on Spontaneous Generation if his laboratory had been housed in a stable?  
 Definition

Most likely the results would have supported spontaneous generation. Pasteur used boiling to "sterilize" the media. In other environments, such as stables, it would be more likely that heat resistant forms of bacteria (endospores) would be present in the media. Therefore, upon incubation, both types of flasks would show growth. This result would be consistent with the idea of spontaneous generation.
Term
76.  What are determining factors in limiting the size of a cell?
Definition

The smallest size a cell may attain would be determined by the number and size of the various molecules necessary for metabolism, growth and replication. It appears that mycoplasma is the smallest free living organism. The largest size a cell may attain would be limited by the surface area versus volume of the cell. The volume of a cell increases much faster than surface area. Since the amount of material that enters/leaves the cell is dependent on the surface area, the requirements of the volume would soon outstrip the ability of the cell to bring it in through the available surface area.
Term
.  Why is the study of bacteria important?  
 Definition
Bacteria may be used as models to gain insight into the workings of more complex organisms. They may be grown quickly, cheaply and relatively easily. They perform many of the same physiological/metabolic/biochemical functions as the more complex organisms using the common molecules of DNA, RNA, and protein. They are intimate companions of our bodies. Bacteria cause disease. They protect against disease. They contribute to a number of fundamental processes without which life would be more difficult to maintain i.e., nitrogen fixation, antibiotic production, genetic engineering, cellulose degradation, food production, and chemical production.
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