Home > Flashcards > Health Care > Sonographic Pathology

Details Title: Sonographic Pathology Description: RUQ Pain Total Flash Cards: 85 Created: 02/06/2006 18:48:33	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term albumin Definition byproduct of protein metabolism that decreases with parenchymal liver disease Term Alpha fetoprotein Definition plasma protein produced in the fetal liver and by hepatocellular carcinomas; elevated levels may also be seen in cirrhosis and hepatitis Term acute hepatitis Definition hepatitis that resolves within 4 months after the initial infection Term Alanine aminotransferase Definition a liver enzyme formerly referred to as serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase Term ascites Definition an accumulation of serous fluid within the potential spaces of the abdomen Term aspartate aminotransferase Definition a liver enzyme formerly referred to as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase Term bilirubin Definition end product of red blood cell metabolism that is stored in the liver and used to help metabolize fatty foods Term chronic hepatitis Definition persistence of changes associated with hepatitis for more than 6 months Term cirrhosis Definition degenerative disease of the liver in which the hepatocytes are gradually replaced with fibrous and fatty tissues Term Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome Definition the develoment of paraumbilical collateral flow in cases of portal hypertension Term Direct bilirubin Definition bilirubin that has beeen absorbed by the hepatocytes and is then water-soluble; also known as conjugated bilirubin Term esophageal veins Definition common collateral pathway for the hepatic circulation in cases of portal hypertension Term fat sparing Definition areas of normal liver parenchyma not replaced with fatty tissues occasionally seen in patients with fatty liver disease Term fatty liver disease Definition the accumulation of fat within hepatic parenchyma that is often associated with alcoholism, obesity, and diabetes Term Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase Definition aids in the transport of amino acids across cell membranes; elevates in cases of parenchymal liver disease and is especially sensitive to alcohol-related liver disease; often parallels alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Term hepatitis Definition an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by a viral infection or a reaction to drugs or alcohol Term hepatocellular disease Definition dysfunction of the hepatocytes Term hepatofugal Definition portal vein blood flow away from the liver Term hepatoma Definition primary liver carcinoma or hepatocellular carcinoma Term hepatopetal Definition portal vein blood flow toward the liver Term Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease Definition painless enlargement of the lymph nodes and lymphoid tissues of the body Term indirect bilirubin Definition bilirubin present in the blood stream and not yet absorbed by the hepatocytes; water-insoluble; also known as unconjugated bilirubin Term Levovist Definition an ultrasound contrast agent Term lymphadenopathy Definition diseases of the lymph nodes Term lymphoma Definition neoplastic disease of lymphoid tissues Term lympho sarcoma Definition diffuse lymphoma Term meso caval shunt Definition blood is shunted from the superior mesenteric vein directly into the inferior vena cava Term Morison's pouch Definition the potential space located between the liver and the right kidney Term Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Definition malignant lymphoma arising from lymphoid tissues of the immune system Term Optison Definition an intravenously administered ultrasound contrast agent Term periportal cuffing Definition thickening of the portal vein walls Term portacaval shunt Definition shunts blood from the main portal vein at the confluence of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein directly into the inferior vena cava Term portal hypertension Definition increased size and pressure within the portal venous system often leading to collateral vessels and reversed flow within the portal vein Term prothrombin time Definition determines the time necessary for blood clotting to occur; increases in cases of parenchymal liver disease or vitamin K deficiency Term recanalized umbilical vein Definition opening of the potential space located within the ligament of teres left by the fetal umbilical vein Term sarcoma Definition malignant tumor of the connective tissues or lymphoid tissues Term splenorenal shunt Definition blood is shunted from the splenic vein into the left renal vein Term subphrenic spaces Definition the potential spaces located between the liver and the diaphragm Term transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Definition a procedure that involves the placement of a shunt to direct blood past the hypertensive portal venous system or venous varices and aid in the return of venous blood to general circulation Term venous collateral flow Definition alternative circulatory pathways that develop after pathologic changes prevent normal vascular pathways from serving as an adequate source of blood to an organ Term aflatoxin Definition a carcinogenic fungus found in grains (corn, wheat) and peanuts Term angiomyolipoma Definition a tumor comprised of fat, vessels, and muscle tissue that is frequently identified in the kidneys and occurs rarely in the liver Term angiosarcoma Definition the most common malignant disease of mesenchymal origin in the liver Term Budd-Chiari syndrome Definition a rare syndrome characterized by the occlusion of the hepatic veins or the inferior vena cava or both Term cystadenoma Definition rare cystic tumor comprised of biliary epithelial cells that may undergo malignant transformation Term diabetes mellitus Definition a disorder marked by a decrease or lack of secretion of insulin by the pancreas Term epithelioid hemangioendothelioma Definition a rare malignant vascular tumor of endothelial origin that sonographically appears as multiple hypoechoic lesions in the periphery of the liver Term fibrolamellar carcinoma Definition a rare malignant neoplasm; occurs in younger patients than does hepatocellular carcinoma; is of hepatocellular origin, although distinct from hepatocellular carcinoma; serum alpha-fetoprotein level is usually normal Term hepatocytes Definition cells in the parenchyma of the liver that perform the metabolic functions Term Kupffer's cells Definition phagocytic cells in the parenchyma of the liver Term leiomyomata Definition benign, smooth muscle tumors frequently seen in the uterus; also known as fibroids Term lymphangioma Definition a mass comprised of dilated lymph vessels Term lymphoma Definition a neoplasm of lymphoid tissue; the liver may be a primary site Term neoplasm Definition abnormal tissue growth, malignant or benign Term nodular regenerative hyperplasia Definition a rare benign process of diffuse lever involvement by nodules comprised of hyperplastic hepatocytes; associated with portal hypertension Term tuberous sclerosis Definition disorder characterized by mental retardation, seizures, and skin lesions; associated with the development of lesions in multiple systems within the body Term Von Gierke's disease Definition an autosomal recessive disease marked by excessive storage of glycogen in the liver, kidneys, and intestinal tract Term abscess Definition -RUQ pain, fever, jaundice, nausea na dvomiting, anorexia, fatigue -round or oval; hypoechoic lesion; fluid-debris level; complex, irregular wall; with or without enhancement Term cysts Definition -asymptomatic, pain when cysts are large -round or oval; anechoic, thin-walled, posterior enhancement Term hematoma Definition -RUQ pain, hepatomegaly -echogenic to cystic, septations Term choledocholithiasis Definition -RUQ pain, jaundice -Echogenic foci that shadow in ducts; with or without ductal dilation Term cholangiocarcinoma Definition -painless jaundice, pruritus, abdominal pain, anorexia, malaise, weight loss -liver mass, mass within ducts, intrahepatic ductal dilation Term cholangitis Definition -fever, abdominal pain, jaudice -biliary ductal dilation, thickening of ductal walls Term cholelithiasis Definition -asymptomatic, RUQ pain, pain after fatty meals, epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting -echogenic foci that shadow and move Term cholecystitis Definition -RUQ pain, fever -thickened GB wall; gallstones and sludge may be seen; WES sign Term adenomyomatosis Definition -asymptomatic, RUQ pain -anechoic or echogenic foci in GB wall; wall thickening or comet-tail or shadow artifacts may be seen Term cholesterolosis Definition -asymptomatic, RUQ pain -multiple polypoid lesions in GB wall; comet-tail artifact may be seen Term adenocarcinoma Definition -RUQ pain, weight loss, anorexia, jaundice, nausea and vomiting, hepatomegaly -irregular polypoid mass, localized wall thickening, calcification of GB wall Term angiitis Definition inflammation of a vessel Term atherosclerosis Definition a condition, especially in older persons, in which plaque builds on arterial walls and causes narrowing of the lumen Term carcinoembryonic antigen Definition an antigen present in trace amounts in adult tissue; when blood test results reveal elevated serum levels, cancer is suspected Term exudate Definition fluids that may contain cells, serum, or purulent material and ooze from tissues Term gallbladder polyp Definition a projection of soft tissue from the wall into the gallbladder lumen Term leukocytosis Definition an increase in white blood cells that is often associated with infection Term Murphy's sign Definition pain on palpation over the area of the gallbladder Term palliative Definition treatment given for the comfort of the patient but not as a cure Term porcelain gallbladder Definition calcification of the gallbladder wall; associated with gallbladder cancer Term pruritus Definition itching Term total parenteral nutrition Definition a solution administered intravenously to provide nutritional requirements Term hemangioma Definition -asymptomatic, RUQ pain -round or oval, well-difined, hyperechoic; may enhance Term adenoma Definition -RUQ pain -encapsulated, well-defined, hyperechoic lesion; peripheral vasculature with Doppler scan Term Focal nodular hyperplasia Definition -usually asymptomatic -isoechoic, hyperechoic, or hypoechoic lesion; homogeneous, central vascular scar with Doppler scan Term lipoma Definition -usually asymptomatic -highly echogenic lesion; propagation speed artifact Term hepatocellular carcinoma Definition -palpable mass, hepatomegaly, fever, signs of cirrhosis -hypoechoic mass when small; hyperechoic and inhomogeneous when large, diffuse inhomogeneity; peripheral and intratumoral flow with Doppler scan Term metastasis Definition -jaundice, pain, weight loss, anorexia -multiple lesions, variable echogenicity; diffuse inhomogeneity