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Soil Science Test 2
Soil Science Lecture Exam 2
40
Science
Undergraduate 1
10/25/2011

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Term
Red or brown soil color indicates _____ aeration.
Definition
good
Term
Soil mineral horizons containing accumulation of organic matter are usually _____ in color.
Definition
dark
Term
Silt particles have equivalent spherical diameters _______
Definition
between 0.002 mm and 0.05 mm
Term
Sand particles settle ______ clay particles in water
Definition
faster than
Term
The shrink-swell potential of sand particles is usually very...
Definition
low
Term
Soil structure ____ influence soil aeration.
Definition
does
Term
Block-like structure is common in the B horizons of ____ climate soils.
Definition
humid
Term
In well aerated souls, the soil air is mostly...
Definition
nitrogen
Term
Mass flow occurs when gas molecules move down a ______ gradient.
Definition
pressure
Term
Tillage changes a soil's _____ density
Definition
bulk
Term
An acre furrow slice contains about ____ pounds of soil.
Definition
2,000,000
Term
The area drained by a river is its ______
Definition
watershed
Term
For a well to have water in it, it must penetrate the zone of ______
Definition
saturation
Term
To have a flowing artesian well, the recharge area of the aquifer must be _____ than the top of the well.
Definition
higher
Term
Most of the minerals in continental crust are ______
Definition
silicates
Term
In the clay minerals, isomorphous substitution results in a net ______ charge on the mineral.
Definition
negative
Term
________ are high shrink-swell clays.
Definition
semctites
Term
In Alabama soils, the charge on the sesquioxides ________ with the pH of the soil.
Definition
varies
Term
Soils in high rainfall tend to be _______.
Definition
acid and low in fertility
Term
Most of the acid found in mineral is a form of _______
Definition
aluminum
Term
To be a plant, an organism must be photosynthetic. (true of false)
Definition
false
Term
Over the past several years the carbon dioxide level in the Earth's atmosphere has been _______.
Definition
increasing
Term
In nothing else is limiting, increasing the level of carbon dioxide in the air should _______ the rate of photosynthesis by organisms.
Definition
increase
Term
Nitrification ______ the soil pH.
Definition
decreases
Term
Inf an organic material high in nitrogen ((C/N)<20) is added to a soil, nitrogen will be _______.
Definition
mobilized
Term
The soil air is higher in _______ than the atmosphere.
Definition
carbon dioxide
Term
Mass flow of the soil air is ______ than diffusion.
Definition
faster
Term
The soil's water content affects its aeration. (true/false)
Definition
true
Term
______ soils have the most large pores
Definition
sandy
Term
A soil's bulk density is always _______ particle density.
Definition
less than
Term
A ________ is the boundary between two watersheds.
Definition
divide
Term
The Darcy's Law conductivity of a soil depends on its water content. (t/f)
Definition
true
Term
If it can, water will flow down. (t/f)
Definition
true
Term
Unless the soil is saturated, the soil water will tend to flow from smaller to larger pores. (t/f)
Definition
false
Term
At the soil's wilting point, the relative humidity of the soil's air is less than 20%. (T/F)
Definition
false
Term
______ clays have a very high shrink-swell potential.
Definition
smectite
Term
Very highly weathers soils tend to have large amounts of ______
Definition
kandites and sequioxides
Term
If the organic matter decaying in the soil has a C to N ration greater than 20, soil N will be ________.
Definition
immobilized
Term
The carbon cycle is powered by _____
Definition
sunlight
Term
Isomorphus substitution in clay minerals results in a ______ charge.
Definition
fixed
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