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Soil Science Test 2
Cards for Soil Science Test 2, Randy Miles
46
Science
Undergraduate 4
10/06/2009

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Term
Bulk Density Equation
Definition
Oven Dry Weight divided by Bulk Volume
Term
Five Soil Types
Definition
O, A, E, B, C, R
Term
Bulk Density Range
Definition
1.0 - 2.0 g/cm3, more commonly 1.1-1.8 g/cm3
Term
Particle Density Equation
Definition
Oven Dry Weight divided by Particle Volume
Term
How much do pores weigh?
Definition
Nothing
Term
Particle Density Range
Definition
2.4-2.7 g/cm3
Term
If no data, assume what to calculate pore density?
Definition
ASSUME 2.65 g/cm3
Term
% Pore Space Equation
Definition
100 - [BD/PD x 100]
Term
Bulk Density Up, Pore Space...
Definition
Down
Term
If BD < 1.37, Pore Space...
Definition
Above 50%
Term
Pore Space cannot be greater than...
Definition
100%
Term
% Water Weight Equation
Definition
[Wet Weight - Oven Dry Weight] x 100
[Divided by Oven Dry Weight]
Term
% Air Space Equation
Definition
%PS - %Water by Volume
Term
How do you convert H2OWt to H2OV?
Definition
% H2O by Wt x BD
Density of H2O
Term
Texture and PD are Stable/Unstable?
Definition
Stable
Term
Soil Structure, BD, pore space, stable/unstable?
Definition
Unstable
Term
An acre of soil 6 inches deep weighs...
Definition
~2 million pounds
Term
5 Functions of H2O in soil...
Definition
1. Chemical Reactions
2. Transport Medium
3. Biotic Usage (plants)
4. Buffer Temp. Changes
5. Shrink/Swell Capabilities
Term
Dipolar Molecule
Definition
Electronically Neutral, one end neg., one end pos.
Term
Is Water Dipolar?
Definition
Yes.
Term
2 properties of Dipolar Molecules.
Definition
1. Adhesion
2. Cohesion
Term
What is Adhesion?
Definition
Dipolar Molecule property. Attraction of unlike substances. H2O molecule to a mineral surface.
Term
Oxygen is neg./pos.?
Definition
Negative
Term
What is Cohesion?
Definition
Dipolar Molecule property. Attraction of like substances. One H2O molecule to another.
Term
Infiltration
Definition
INTO
Ease of movement of H2O (and gases) from the earth's atmos. n2 soil surface.
Term
Influences of Infiltration
Definition
1. Soil Structure 2. Soil Texture 3. Intensive Rainfall 4. Water content of soil 5. Pore Space 6. Bulk Density 7. Clay Mineralogy - related to shrink/swell 8. organic matter 9. Slope (slope up, infiltration down), 10. "plugging effect"
Term
Slope up...
Definition
Infiltration down
Term
Surface Runoff
Definition
Flow of water which hits the soil surface, but does not infiltrate @ point of contact.
Term
Permeability
Definition
Ease of movement of H2O (and gases) w/in soil profile.
Term
Influences of Permeability
Definition
1. Soil Texture/Clay Content 2. Clay Mineralogy 3. Soil Structure 4. Organic Matter 5. Pore Space, total size
Term
Percolation
Definition
Ease of movement of H2O into, through and out of soil.
Term
1 atmosphere =
Definition
1.47 lbs/in2
Term
i bar of pressure =
Definition
Column of H2O pulled up 1,034 cm
Term
Maximum Retention Capacity
Definition
Equiv. to being saturated with H2O content @ saturation - when all pores are filled with water.
Term
Water Saturation
Definition
When all pores are filled with water.
Term
Field Capacity
Definition
Amount of water held in soil after saturation and drainage n2 an underlying dry soil material (2-3 days)
Term
ALWAYS at Field Capacity
Definition
H2O movement in unsaturated conditions.
Term
Wilting Coeffiecient
Definition
Amount of H2O held in soil which cannot be taken up by plants.
Term
Potential of Wilting Coefficient
Definition
-15 bars
Term
Hydroscopic Coefficient
Definition
H2O held even tighter than wilting coefficient. H2O held in soil SO tightly, H2O acts as vapor.
Term
Potential Hydroscopic Coefficient
Definition
-31 bars
Term
Tension of Hydroscopic Coefficient
Definition
30 bars
Term
Is there more pull at -1/3 bars?
Definition
No - there's none - they're all the same.
Term
Sands and Gravels don't...
Definition
SUCK
Term
Formula 1 for H2O content
Definition
1. %H2O Wt = (H2Owt) x 100
Oven Dry Wt
Term
Formula 2 for H2O content
Definition
2. %H2O Volume = %H2O Wt x BD
DH2O
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