Term
| soil has permafrost within 1 m of the surface or within 2 m if strongly cryoturbated? "z" layer |
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Definition
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Term
| Soil have organic horizons (Of, Om, Oh) at least 40 cm thick (60 cm in the case of Of)? |
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Definition
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Term
| The soil has both vertic "v" and slickenside horizons"ss" within 1 m of mineral surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| SoilB horizon (Bf, Bhf, or Bh at least 10 cm thick)? |
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Definition
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Term
| there is a Bg (or Cg within 50 cm of surface) at least 10 cm thick? |
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Definition
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Term
| B (Bn or Bnt) horizon present? |
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Definition
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Term
A (Ah or Ap) present and at least 10 cm thick?
base saturation is more than 80%
carbon content is between 1 and 17% |
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Definition
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Term
| Bt horizon at least 5 cm thick? |
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Definition
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Term
| there a Bm, Btj, Bf, or Bfj at least 5 cm thick? |
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Definition
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Term
| doest not have a B horizon |
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Definition
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Term
| Two groups of organic horizons |
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Definition
| O horizons (peat materials and L, F, H horizons (folic materials). |
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Term
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Definition
| organic horizons developed mainly from mosses, rushes, and woody materials. Usually they are saturated with water for prolonged periods. |
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Definition
| consists in undecomposed organic matter in which the original plant structures are easily discernible. |
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Term
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Definition
| is partly decomposed and some of the original structures are difficult to recognize. |
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Term
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Definition
| consists in decomposed organic matter in which the original structures are indiscernible. This material differs from the F horizon by its greatest humification due chiefly to the action of organisms. It is frequently intermixed with mineral grains, especially near the junction with a mineral layer. |
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Term
| The most common soils in British Columbia, soils has characteristics and features of coniferous forests |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The A horizon is a mineral horizon formed at or near the soil surface, in the zone of: leaching and eluviation of materials in solution, maximum in situ accumulation of organic matter, or both processes mentioned above |
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Term
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Definition
| The B horizon is usually found beneath the A horizon. It is characterized by one of the following factors: enrichment in organic matter, sesquioxides (i.e. Fe and Al oxides), or clay development of soil structure a change of colour denoting hydrolysis, reduction or oxidation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The C horizon is a mineral horizon comparatively unaffected by the pedogenic processes operative in A and B, with the exception of gleying or accumulation of carbonates or soluble salts. It is the deepest of all 3 soil horizons. |
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Term
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Definition
| bedrock layer that is too hard to break with hands or to dig with a spade even when moist, and that does not meet the requirements of a C horizon |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of water that may be present in Gleysolic, Organic or Cryosolic soils |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| eluvial horizon, showing losses (eluviation) of clay, organic matter, and Fe and Al oxides. It is used with an A horizon (Ae) |
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Term
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Definition
| horizon of secondary carbonate enrichment in which the concentration of CalciumCarbonates exceeds that in the enriched parent material |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enrichment with organic matter |
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Term
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Definition
| enrichment with Fe and Al oxides |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of a high % of Na ions |
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Term
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Definition
| horizon disturbed by human’s activities, such as plowing, cultivation, logging, habitation, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of soluble salts including gypsum (CaSO4), |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of several (more than two) slickensides (smooth shear clayey surfaces). "thik Smoth, Slick" |
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Term
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Definition
| illuvial horizon enriched with silicate clay |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 3 major taxa of humus classification |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Mull: abundance and activity of soil organisms such as worms and other animal ause mixing results in the formation of an Ah horizon and may prevent formation of H.Which makes transition to overlying horizon gradual.indicates high site
productivity
Mor:Either presence or absence of H and Ah Layer due to absence of soil organis such as worms and arthropods. Which makes transition to overlying horizon Very abrupt indicates low site
productivity |
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Term
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Definition
| small suffix "v". horizon affected by argillipedoturbation (disruption and mixing of soil as a result of shrinking and swelling of clays). Look a picture in online note. |
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Term
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Definition
Small suffix "y" horizon affected by cryoturbation(mixing caused by freeze/thaw action)as
manifested by disrupted and broken horizons and incorporation of material from other horizons. |
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Term
| Alluvial or fluvial parent material |
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Definition
| Alluvial (= fluvial) parent materials were deposited by moving water bodies such as rivers and streams. Fast moving water=coarse material rock, gravel, Water volocity decreases: finer particle deposit. Parent material assosiated with landform such as old streambed, flood plains and deltas |
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Term
| Lacustrine parent material |
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Definition
Lacustrine parent material
Still water in lakes permits very fine particles (fine sand, silt, and clay) to settle out and to form lacustrine deposits. eg: old lake beds |
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Term
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Definition
| Marine deposits are very well sorted, devoid of coarse particles, and usually unstratified (show no layers). |
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Term
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Definition
| Cause by Glacia activitie, Till is unsorted, and non-stratified, most extensive of all parent materials in British Columbia. 2 types: Basil and Ablation till |
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Term
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Definition
| dense compacted till that was plastered beneath the glacier, under high pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| loose deposit formed during glacial melting (ablation) when mineral particles, which have been suspended in or on the ice, fall onto the basal till deposits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wind deposited materials (= eolian deposits) usually consist of silt or fine sand. |
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Term
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Definition
| Colluvium is a type of parent material that moved down slope due to gravitational forces. |
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Term
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Definition
| developed from cooling and solidification of magma |
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Term
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Definition
| formed near the Earth’s surface from the weathered products (minerals) of igneous or metamorphic rocks, held together by different cementing agents. An example of sedimentary rock is sandstone. |
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Term
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Definition
| either igneous or sedimentary rocks which have been altered by heat, pressure and/or fluids after they were buried deep in the Earth’s lithosphere |
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Term
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Definition
is a measurement of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration within the soil.
pH decreases (or becomes more acidic) as the concentration of hydrogen ions increases.soils pH range from 4.5 (considered strongly acidic for soils) to 8.5 (medium alkaline). The best plant growth takes place within pH 6 to 7 |
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Term
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Definition
Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food from the substances available in their surroundings using light (photosynthesis) or chemical energy (chemosynthesis).
Heterotrophs cannot synthesize their own food and rely on other organisms -- both plants and animals -- for nutrition |
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Term
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Definition
| are capable of degrading very complex natural and anthropogenic compounds. They are important N fixers in forested ecosystems and produce many antibiotic compounds that are used by humans. musty odor / smell of freshly ploughed soils |
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Term
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Definition
| (formerly called blue-green algae) belong to soil microflora (autotrophs, i.e. have chlorophyll and capable to perform photosynthesis - hence they produce organic matter that can increase soil organic matter, some species are heterotrophs – hence they decompose organic matter, help nutrient mineralization or release) and they are prokaryotic organisms which means that they have no nucleus. These bacteria are among the most ancient of organisms. The fossil record suggest that photosynthesis by cyanobacteria played the decisive role in elevating levels of atmospheric oxygen. Many genera of cyanobacteria can fix atmospheric N (e.g. Anabaena sp.). Cyanobacteria are especially numerous in rice paddies and other wetland soils, where they can fix large quantities of atmospheric N. |
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Term
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Definition
the most diverse and abundant
group of soil organisms; organic matter
decomposers; some are capable of fixing
atmospheric N |
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Term
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Definition
| mix soil and creat agrigates |
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Term
Arthropods (spiders, mites,
sprigtails, insects) |
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Definition
| Many soil mites prey on disease-causing pests (insects, fungi, etc.). They shred plant residues, mix the residues with soil, and stimulate organic matter decomposition. They can have an indirect effect on stabilization of soil aggregates, which in turn will improve water infiltration, drainage, and aeration. They are especially important in forests, rangelands, no-till cropland, and in other areas where the soil is minimally disturbed and covered all year. |
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Term
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Definition
“primitive animals” that feed
on bacteria, fungi, or fragments of organic
matter |
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Term
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Definition
threadworms) - after consuming
bacteria, nematodes excrete much of the excess N
as inorganic N (ammonia), hence increasing
mineralization |
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