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| A subordinate group whose members, even if they represent a majority, have significantly less control or power over their own lives than the members of a dominant or majority group have over theirs. |
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| A group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance. |
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| A group that is set apart from others primarily because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns. |
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| A sociohistorical process in which racial categories are created, inhibited, transformed, and destroyed. |
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| An unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group. |
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| A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority. |
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| The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. |
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| The belief that one race is supreme and all others are innately inferior. |
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| A criminal offense committed because of the offender's bias towards an individual based on race, religion, ethnicity, national origin, or sexual orientation. |
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| The use of race-neutral principles to perpetuate a racially unequal status quo. |
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| The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or other arbitrary reasons. |
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| Any police-initiated action based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on a person's behavior. |
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| Institutional Discrimination |
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| The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society. |
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| Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. |
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| A belief that views racial subordination in the United States as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism. |
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| The theory that in cooperative circumstances interracial contact between people of equal status will reduce prejudice. |
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| The deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation. |
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| The systematic removal of a group or people from society. |
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| The process through which a majority group and a minority group combine to form a new group. |
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| The process through which a person forsakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture. |
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| The physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social events; often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group. |
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| A former policy of the South African government, designed to maintain the separation of blacks and other non-Whites from the dominant Whites. |
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| Mutual respect for one another's cultures among the various groups in a society, which allow minorities to express their own cultures without experiencing prejudice. |
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| A political philosophy, promoted by many younger blacks in the 1960's that supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions. |
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| A subordinate group whose members supposedly have succeeded economically, socially, and educationally despite past prejudice and discrimination. |
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| An ethnic identity that emphasizes concerns such as ethnic food or political issues rather than deeper ties to one's ethnic heritage. |
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