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An organized pattern of behavior that governs peopls relationships
Includes status', roles, groups,organizatin, and instittion. |
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| a social position- a position you occupy. |
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A position you are born into
Ex: male;latino;female;chinese |
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A positon you have throuh choice, talent, and/or effort.
Ex. Employee, student, dentist |
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A status that dominate all others
Generally seen as the one thing poeople define a person as. |
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| Behavior expected of a person in a particular status |
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| Frustration and uncertainties a person experiences when confronte with the requirements of TWO or MORE statuses |
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| involves incompatible demands among roles WITHN A SINGLE STATUS |
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Any # of people with similar norms, values and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis.
Ex. Members of sports teams, students in class. |
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Organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered onbsic social need.
Ex. Family, education, military, government, etc. |
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| Functionalist Perspective |
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| Social institutions are functiona for society |
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| 5 functions that functionalist perspective perform: |
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1. replace personel
2. teach recruits
3. produce ad distribute goods/services
4. preserving order
5. providing and maintainin a sense of purpose |
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| Social institutions help thos who already have power to keep and maintain it. |
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| Interactionist Perspective |
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| Focus on the meanings and behavior that are affected by, and in turn affect, social institution |
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| Built and maintained through social interaction. |
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* Mechanic Solidarity
* Organic Solidarity |
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* Gemeinschaft (just like mechanic solidarity)
* Gesellschaft (just like organic solidarity) |
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| Preindustrial to post: H&G, pastoral, horticulture, argarian industrial, post-industrial |
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| Communication is key, many forms- verbal/nonverbal |
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| Symbolic Interaction Theory |
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| examines how people communicate knowledge, ideas, beliefs, attitudes, nd how they interpret situaions |
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| Gesture, facial expressions, eye contact, personal space |
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| Social Construction of Reality |
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| occurs as people perceive and understand through social interaction. |
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examines as if they were a play on a stage
Ex. front stage, back stage, actors, audience, props |
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| Study of interaction by analysng convos and isolating rules. (i.e. breaching experiments) |
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behavior that violates expected rules or norms.
can be a condition, belief, or behavior
Accompanied by social stigmas
varies within societies
can be formal or informal
Perceptions change overtime. |
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Overconforms
Ex. bending over backwards to be perfect |
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| Falls below social expectations |
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| Violation of societal norms and rules written into public laws that is subject to punsihment. |
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| Occupational (professional) |
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| Commits a crime everyday as if it was a job |
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| Group that controls an area scheming for protection |
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| Illegl acts committed by executives to benefit thmselves and their companies |
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| Functions ofCrime nd Deviance |
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| Affirm cultural norms and values. Provide temporary safety values, create social unity. Improve the economy and triggers social change |
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| tension, insecurity, erods trust, damages confidence, and can be costily |
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5 modes of Adaptation to strain:
1.Conformity
2.Innovation
3.Ritualism
4.Retreatism
5.Rebellion |
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| Accept goal but reject means |
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| Reject goals but accept means |
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| Controlling deviance depends on our ties to others and society. ( Lack of social bonds to others or society as a whole) |
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We stigmatize those that dont conform.
Overt or covert |
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| Conflict Perspective on Deviance and crime |
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| Powerful groups control the law and its application |
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| Power can cause deviance and powerful people are more likely to commit crimes than thoe who are not powerful. |
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| 3 reasons powerful people commit crimes |
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1. Powerful have greater motive
2. powerful have greater opporunity
3. powerful have LESS control over themselves |
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| A closed system of stratification in which people may be owned as property |
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Functionalist Perspective
Davis and Moore |
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Definition
| Various positions must be filled. Some positions are more important than others. More important positions must be illed by more qualified people. Greater rewards mustb offered to motivate more qualified people to filld important positions. |
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Conflict Perspective
Mosca- the ruling class
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| No society can exist unless its organized. This requires leadership of some sort. Leadership requires inequalities of power. By definition some take leadership position while others follow. Human nature is self-centered; people in power will use positions to service greater rewards for themselves. |
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| Functionalist arguement is an ideology used to justify te position of te elites. History is story of struggle between classes for scarce resources. Revolution will occur whe th workers become conscious of their common oppression. Revolution will be ressited as th capitalists control the police, military, and educational system |
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| Simple societies operate within functionlism. Existance of surplus, which came first about with agricultural societie, causes conflict. Groups which manage to win the surplus will go on to be the elite groups in following generatins. |
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| Those nations which industrialized first were close to establish economic colonies in order t exploit people and resources for the benefit of the "mother" country. |
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| Globlization of Capitalism |
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| Production and trade across nations ar interconnected on a global scale. |
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| A way of life ta perpetuates poverty from one generation to the next |
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Controlling peoples ideas (ideology) speech info.
Ex. divine right of kings. censorship, sruveilance. There is some level of soft control in every society. |
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| Trapping least industrializd nations in circles of debt by selling goods (weapons) on credit |
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| Multinational Corporations |
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| Companies that operate across national boundries. Through least industrialized nations provide raw goods, profits accrue to the nations where such corps. are headquartered |
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| Development institution that seeks to "advance the vision of inclusive and sustainable globalization" |
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| International Monetary Fund |
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| " An organization... working foster global monetary cooperation secure financial stability, facilitate intenational trade... reduce poverty around the world" |
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| Each employee of a bureaucracy is pomoted to his of her level of incompetence |
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| A shared identity based on a groups position in the means of production |
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| Members of a group mistakenly holding the belief that they belong to a different group. |
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| Marx' perspective on class |
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The means of production- tools, factories, land, and investment capital used to produce wealth.
Bourgeoisie vs. Proletariat
Does not account for middle group of those on the margins of society. |
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| Webers perspective on privilleged power |
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Property (Wealth), Power, Prestige
Power- the ability to control others
§ Controlling means of production not different from ownership in many practical ways.
Prestige- status/reputation/influence within a group/population
§ Can be transformed |
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