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| cluster of people who just happen to be similarly situated at the same time |
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| set of 2 or more people who interact and in a manner thatis defined by some common purpose, a set of norms, and a structure of statuses and roles w/i the group |
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| small # of people who interact over a long period of time on an intimate bases |
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| involve a large # of people who interact on a temporary basis, no intamacy |
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| smallest group possible; made of 2 people |
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| "task leader"; organizes a group to set & pursue goals; helps the group to define its job and determine the best way to do it |
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| "social emotional leader" ;well liked and creates harmony, keeps morals high and minimizes conflicts & achieves solidarity among group members by offeringemotional support |
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| refers to individuals compliance with group goals,even if the group's goals conflictwith our individual goals |
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| occurs when group members begin to think similarity and conform to one anothers veiws |
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| closely related to group think; a group moves towards a stronger position or more extreme course of action than its members individually favor |
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| groups making risky decisions d/t "safety in numbers" |
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| group that one compares to when making self-evaluations; social groups that provide the standards in terms of which we evaluate ourselves |
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| large, impersonal, secondary groups or associations |
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| large scale group having a name, some official purpose/goals, and a structure of statuses and roles and sets of rules to promote these goals |
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| hierachical authority structure that operates under explicit rules & procedures; dominant type of formal organization in modern society; rationally designed organizational model whose goal is to perform complex tasks as efficiently as possible |
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| states that in any bureaucratic organization," work expands to fill the time available for its completion" |
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| states " in any hierachy every employee tends to rise to his level of incompetence" |
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| no matter what organizations preach or how democratic organizations attempt to be-in reality, they are run by their leaders and not by ordinary members |
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| a status achieved by effort |
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| a status determined by birth |
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| the body of beliefs that are common to a community or society and that give people sense of belonging |
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| interaction occurring when 2 or more persons share a virtual reality experience via communication and interaction with each other |
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| the systematic interrlation of different tasks that developes in complexe societies |
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| a technique for studying human interaction by deliberately disrupting social norms and observing how individuals attempt to restore normalcy |
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| german for community, a state characterized by a sense of common feeling among the members of a society, including strong prersonal ties, sturdy primary group memberships, and a sense of personal loyalty to one another, associated with rural life |
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| german for society, a form of social organization characterized by a high division of labor, less prominence of personal ties, the lack of sense of community among the members, and the absence of a feeling of belonging; associated with urban life |
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| a collection of individuals who interact and communicate, share goals and norms, and who have a subjective awareness as "we" |
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| a process by which people control how others percieve them |
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| a condition wherein the individuals behavior is guided by internal principles and morals |
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| analysis of the whole of society, how it is organizedand how it changes |
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| some characteristics of a person that overrides all other features of the person's identity |
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| unity based on similarity, not difference, of roles |
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| analysis of the smallest, most immediately visible parts of social life, such as people interacting |
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| organic [contractual] solidarity |
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| unity based on role differation, not similarity |
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| a condition wherein the individuals behavior is guided by the behavior of others |
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| paralinguistic communication |
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| meaning in communication that is conveyed by pitch loudness, rythm, emphasis and frequency |
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| one that directly uses, modifies,and/or tills the land as a major means of survival |
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| meaning conveyed by the amount of space between interactingindividuals |
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| the expected behavior associated with a given status in society |
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| 2 or more roles associated with contradictory expectations |
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| limitation of the behavior of an admired other |
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| all roles occupied by a person at a given time |
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| conflicting expectations w/i the same role |
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| an established and organized system of social behavior with a recognized purpose |
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| behavior between 2 or more people that is given meaning |
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| the order established in social groups |
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| the patterns of social relationships and social institutions that compromise society |
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| a system of social interaction that includes both culture and social organization |
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| an established position in a social structure that carries with it a degree of prestige |
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| exists when the different statuses occupied by the individual bring with them significantly different amounts of prestige |
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| the complete set of statuses occupied by a person at a given time |
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| conformity to longstanding and time honored norms and practices |
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| the process of learning new roles and expectations in adult life |
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| an aggregate group of people born during the same time period |
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| different and unequal treatment of people based solely on their age |
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| a negitive attitude about an age group that is generalized to all people in that group |
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| preconceived judgements about what different age groups are like |
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| the hierarchical ranking of age groups in society |
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| the instiutional practice of age prejudice and discrimination |
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| the instiutional practice of age prejudice and discrimination |
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| anticipatory socialization |
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| the process of learning the expectations associated with a role one expects to enter in the future |
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| theory predicting that as people age , they gradually withdraw from participation in society and are simultaneously releived of responsibilities |
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| the part of the self representing reason and common sense |
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| the stage in childhood when children become capable of taking a multitude of roles at the same time |
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| the abstract composite of social roles and social expectations |
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| the part of the personality that includes various impulses and drives,including sexual passions and desires, biological urges and human instincts |
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| the stage in childhood when children copy the behavior of those around them |
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| the connection between people's personal attributes, the roles they occupy, the life events they experience, and the social and historical context of these events |
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| the idea that peoples conception of self arises through reflection about their relationship to others |
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| a psychoanalytic theory of socialization positing that social relationships cdhildren experience early in life determine the development of their personality |
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| the stage in childhoodwhen children begin to take on the rolesof significant people in their enviorment |
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| a theory of socialization positing that the unconscious mind shapes human behavior |
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| the process by which existing social roles are radically altered or replaced |
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| ceremony or ritual that symbolizes the passage of an individual from one role to another |
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| the expected behavior associated with a given status |
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| those with whom we have close affiliation |
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| the process by which groups and individuals w/i those groups are brought are brought into conformity with dominant social expectation |
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| a theory of socialization positing that the formation of identity is a learned response to social stimuli |
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| the process through which people learn the expectations of society |
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| those who pass on social expectations |
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| the diminsion of the self representing the standards of society |
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| taking the role of the other |
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| the process of imagining oneself from the viewpoint of another person and judging from the viewpoint of that person |
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