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Sociology
Undergraduate 1
09/26/2011

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Term
Social Problem
Definition
an issue that negatively affects a persons state of being in a society 
Term
sociology
Definition
a systematic and objective science that investigates human behavior in the social environment 
Term
objective condition
Definition
any aspect of society that can be viewed without bias
Term
cultural universals
Definition
aspects of ones social life that are common to all societies. Ex: wedding ceremonies
Term
social movements
Definition
activities that support or protest social issues organized by non-governmental organizations 
Term
triangulation
Definition
the process of using multiple approaches to study a phenomenon
Term
social policies
Definition
deliberate attempts on the part of society to solve social problems
Term
social stratification
Definition
the ranking of people and the rewards they receive based on objective criteria, often including wealth, power, and/or prestige
Term
power
Definition
the ability to carry out your will and impose it on others
Term
force
Definition
type of power that occurs when you make someone do something against his/her will
Term
persuasive power
Definition
using direct or indirect methods to get what you want
Term
social mobility 
Definition
the ability to change social classes
Term
horizontal mobility 
Definition
moving within the same status category
Term
vertical mobility 
Definition
moving from one social status to another
Term
intragenerational mobility
Definition
occurs when an individual changes social standing,especially in the workforce
Term
(inter)generational 
Definition
the change that family member make from one social class to the next through generations
Term
structural mobility
Definition
when social changes affect large numbers of people. Ex: recent economic slump causes large #of people to be laid off
Term
exchange mobility 
Definition
concept suggesting that each social class contains a relatively fixed number of people
Term
transitional poverty
Definition
temporary state of poverty that occurs when someone goes without a job for a short period of time
Term
marginal poverty
Definition
state of poverty that occurs when a person lacks stable employment
Term
residual poverty
Definition
chronic and multigenerational poverty
Term
absolute poverty
Definition
poverty so severe that one lacks resources to survive
Term
relative poverty
Definition
state of poverty that occurs when we compare ourselves to those around us
Term
meritocracy argument
Definition
states that those who get ahead in society do so according to their own merit
Term
blaming the victim
Definition
the act of accusing those who suffer from a social problem for that problem
Term
residual welfare
Definition
a temporary system of relief when a persons job or family has failed to be enough to support them
Term
institutional welfare
Definition

a preventive "first line of defense" against poverty. there is no time limit, and no social stigma is associated with receiving this aid

Term
progressive taxations
Definition
system in which people who earn more pay higher taxes
Term
regressive taxation
Definition
system that taxes everyone the same percentage of money, but results in the poor paying a higher percentage than the rich
Term
digital divide
Definition
the gap between high-income countries and low income countries that influences access to current technology 
Term
cultural lag
Definition
a situation in which members of society cant keep up with technology 
Term
global village
Definition
the shrinking of the world through immediate electronic communications 
Term
editorial slant
Definition
appears in arguments that openly present opinions that favor one side over another
Term
perceived obsolescence 
Definition
belief that an item is outdated because a new model is available 
Term
planned obsolescence 
Definition
practice of adding technical improvements to make upgrading to the next model a necessity 
Term
social epidemiology
Definition
study of the distribution of diseases and health throughout a society's population
Term
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health(DSM):
Definition
the standard classification of mental disorders in the U.S
Term
sick role
Definition
the expected behaviors and responsibilities appropriate for someone who is ill
Term
medicaid
Definition
government-run program designed to provide insurance for low income individuals and families who meet certain qualifications 
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