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| the capacity for people to act to change their own lives and to influence others. |
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| an organization based on rationality, having a clear division of labor, written rules and regulations, impersonality, heirarchical lines of authority, and selection and promotion based on competence. |
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| bourgeoisie (capitalists) |
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| those owning the means of production, including land, raw materials, forests, factories, and machines. |
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| the shared norms, values, and beliefs of a society. |
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| definition of the situation |
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| a statement or action that explicitly or implicitly suggests the meaning the actor would like others to attribute their actions. |
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| a process of change over time based on the clash of historical forces characterized by a thesis, a conflicting antithesis, and finally their resolution in a new synthesis. |
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| the negative consequences of a social structure |
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| important characteristics of groups that cannot be reduced to some simple combination of characteristics of the individuals |
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| a combination of beliefs and attitudes held by a social class that fails to recgonixe the objective social position of that class and fails to perceive the cause of social conditions related to stratification |
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| the consequence or effect of a social structure for the society as a whole. |
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| was marked by a dramatic change in the nature of production in which machines replaced tools, steam and other energy sources replaced human or animal power, and skilled workers were replaced with mostly unskilled workers. |
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| the less obvious and often unintended consequences |
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| the obvious and usually intended consequences of actions |
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| the technologies and resources required for producing goods or services in an economy, such as factories, raw materials and machines. |
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| research focusing on individuals, thoughts, actions and individual behaviors |
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| sociological research that focuses on individuals, thoughts, actions and individual behaviors |
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| a shared meaning for the situation agreed upon by all participant |
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| an approach to sociology that assumes the methods of the natural sciences such as physics can be applied successfully to the study of social life and the scientific principles learned can be applied to solving social problems |
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| people who sell their labor to capitalists for wages |
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| a disciplined work ethic, rational approach to life, and an emphasis on this world |
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| rationalization of society |
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| the transition from a society dominated by tradtion to one dominated by rationality |
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| regular patterns of behavior characterizing a society that exists independent of individuals and are beyond the control of individuals |
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| enduring, relatively stable patterns of social behavior |
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| the capactiy for individuals to understand the relationship between their individual lives and broad social forces that influence them. |
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| the difference between what manufacturers are paid for goods or services and what they pay workers to produce them |
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| an organized set of concepts and relationships among those concepts offered as an explanation or account of some phenomena |
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| the subjective understanding of individual participants anchored in a context of shared cultural ideas |
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-"father" of sociology -argued 3 that there were 3 hisorical stages of sociology -wrote The Positive Philosophy -coined the term Positivism -coined the term Sociology |
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-greatly influenced by inequlity surrounding him --argued in The Communist Manifesto that social change was the inevitable result of class conflict -says change occurs in a dialectic process |
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-argued that regular patterns of behvior exist independently of individuals -in The Division of Labor in Society he argued that the mechanical solidarity in small rural communities was replaced by a new solidarity industrial society complexes (organic solidarity). |
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-Weber emphasized rational action by human actors based on their own subjective understanding (verstehen). -believed the key to social change was the increasing rationalization of society - The Protestant work ethic |
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