Term
The Selection and Presentation of News & Moral Panics.
TV and Reliability |
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Definition
- Newsreaders are 'neutral', smart and have eye contact.
- Bad news delivered in friendly way.
- All reinforce image of formal, objective authority. |
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Term
The Selection and Presentation of News & Moral Panics.
Neo-Pluralism: |
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Definition
- Journalists are objective and impartial pursuers of the truth.
- Modern goals are increasingly harder to achieve. |
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Term
The Selection and Presentation of News & Moral Panics.
Churnalism: |
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Definition
- Journalists don't check facts.
- Davies (2008) looked at news papers over a 2 week period in 1997- 80% of stories came from PR and PA companies- only 12% were generated by reporters themselves- 70% of 'facts' were not checked. |
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Term
The Selection and Presentation of News & Moral Panics.
Concentration of ownership: |
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Definition
| - Media ownership is concentrated into 6 corporations. |
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Term
The Selection and Presentation of News & Moral Panics.
The Propaganda Model of the media: |
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Definition
- Herman & Chomsky (1988) argue that the media participate in propaganda campaigns that benefit the elite.
- The media relies on capitalist society.
- Suppress any stories that go against dominant political ideology. |
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Term
The Selection and Presentation of News & Moral Panics.
The Hierarchy of Credibility: |
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Definition
-Stuart Hall (1973) 'Primary definers'
-Due to news values, journalists rank the views of 'primary definers', politicians, police officers, etc. as more important as trade unionists, pressure groups, ordinary people. |
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Term
The Selection and Presentation of News & Moral Panics.
Benefits of Churnalism: |
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Definition
- Quick and saves time.
- Attracts readers and revenue from advertisers.
- Journalists are uninterested in the truth.
- Official sources are cheap and quick. |
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Term
The Selection and Presentation of News & Moral Panics.
News Values definition: |
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Definition
| The values and assumptions held by editors and journalists which guide them in choosing what is 'newsworthy'. |
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Term
The Selection and Presentation of News & Moral Panics.
News Values: |
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Definition
- Composition: How the events fit the political angle of the media company.
- Extraordinariness: Unexpected events.
- Threshold: The bigger the event, the more likely it'll be reported.
- Reference to Elite persons: whether or not the story involves elite persons.
- Negativity: Always more likely to write a negative story.
- Personalisation: Events may be represented by a celebrity or elite person.
- Unambiguity: Events which are easy to grasp. |
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Term
The Selection and Presentation of News & Moral Panics.
Moral Panic deviancy Amplification: |
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Definition
- Marxists argue that they serve the capitalist ideology.
- Stan Cohen's study of Mods and Rockers in the 1960s: 'Folk Devils & Moral Panics'. |
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Term
The Selection and Presentation of News & Moral Panics.
Moral Panic definition: |
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Definition
| The media's reaction to social groups or activities which are defined as threatening societal values. As a result, they create anxiety among the general public. |
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Term
The Selection and Presentation of News & Moral Panics.
3 distinguishing features of a Moral Panic: |
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Definition
- Increased public concern over the behaviour of a certain group.
- Public concern is out of proportion to the real harm caused by the group.
- Appear and disappear very quickly. |
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Term
New Media, Globalisation & Pop Culture.
3 Characteristics of the New Media: |
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Definition
1. Convergence- combining different technologies
2. Compression- signals are digital, so can be sent down the same wire.
3. Interactivity- where the audience can interact with the media. |
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Term
New Media, Globalisation & Pop Culture.
New Media: |
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Definition
| Looks at the evolution of existing media delivery systems and the development of new digital communication technologies. |
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Term
New Media, Globalisation & Pop Culture.
Cultural Pessimists: |
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Definition
- The revolution of the new media has been exaggerated by the Neo-Philiacs.
- Deny that there is more choice- just repeats and trashy TV. Known as 'The Fallacy of Choice'
- Media is dominated by global conglomerates and they direct people's interests and actions. |
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Term
New Media, Globalisation & Pop Culture.
Post-modernism: |
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Definition
- The media has become more influential in shaping our identities.
- No longer part of real communities, now we are in proto-communities. i.e. facebook.
- Criticised for exaggerating the degree of social change. Also some people cannot access the internet. |
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Term
New Media, Globalisation & Pop Culture.
Neo-Philiacs: |
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Definition
- Like New Media.
- Internet shopping is very helpful and there are exclusive deals online.
- Increased consumer choice. |
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Term
New Media, Globalisation & Pop Culture.
Disneyfication definition: |
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Definition
| Everyone watches the same American sitcoms and programs, which lead to a world of sameness. |
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Term
New Media, Globalisation & Pop Culture.
Marxist view on globalisation of the media: |
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Definition
| Argue that it restricts choice. Local media is replaced by global culture. |
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Term
Representation of the Body.
Media Representation of Disability: |
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Definition
Models of Disability:
- Medical Model- This model views disability as a product of impairment. (Bulsara)
- Social Model- This model views disability as the outcome of social barriers. The main focus of this model is the obstacles and discrimination that people with disabilities face. |
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Term
Representation of the Body.
Media Representation of Sexuality: |
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Definition
- There are more gay people on programs and shows.
- Traditional rep of gay men:
Effeminate & camp
Deviant
- Traditional representation of gay women:
Butch
Short hair
Aggressive |
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Term
Representation of the Body.
Tradition Representation of Femininity: |
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Definition
- Male Gaze: The camera 'eyes up' women in a sexual way to provide erotic pleasure of men.
- Symbolic Annihilation: Tuchman et al used this term to describe the way women's achievements are never reported. |
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Term
Representation of the Body.
Traditional Representation of Masculinity: |
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Definition
- New Man: an 80's phenomenon. CQ, Maxim and FHM made a campaign aimed at middle class males to get in touch with their feminine side.
- The 'metro-sexual' male- wears designer clothes, has skin products, etc. Reflects changes in social attitudes to masculinity.
- Retibutive Masculinity: Newer mags, such as Nuts and Zoo are reasserting traditional masculinity. 'Birds, booze and football'. |
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Term
The Mass Media and Audiences.
Key Issues: |
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Definition
- Hypodermic syringe model.
- Active Audience approaches.
- Two step flow model.
- Selective Filter model.
- Uses and Gratifications model.
- Cultural effects model. |
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Term
The Mass Media and Audiences.
Active Audience Approaches: |
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Definition
- The 'Two Step Flow' model.
- The 'Cultural Effects' model.
- The uses and Gratification model.
- Selective Filter Model. |
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Term
The Mass Media and Audiences.
Active Audience Approaches:
The Uses and Gratifications Model- |
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Definition
- The audience use media for different things.
- Creates communities and conversation for people. |
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Term
The Mass Media and Audiences.
Active Audience Approaches:
The 'Two Step Flow' model- |
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Definition
| The initial consumer then goes to tell their associates about what they have seen in the media. |
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Term
The Mass Media and Audiences.
Active Audience Approaches:
The 'Cultural Effects' model- |
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Definition
- a.k.a. the 'drip drip' model
- The more the dominant class ideology is 'dripped' into the media, the more believable it is. (George Orwell)
- Associated with Neo-Marxists- Preferred (or dominant) reading: they believe people will react in certain ways.
- Media makes people think Capitalism is the natural and right way; creates 'Cultural Hegemony'. |
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Term
The Mass Media and Audiences.
Active Audience Approaches:
The 'Selective Filter' model- |
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Definition
1. Selective exposure: A message must first be chosen to be viewed. These choices depend on people's interests, education, etc.
2. Selective Perception: The messages have to be accepted. The consumer may choose to ignore one message, but accept another. I.e. Smokers and anti-smoking adverts.
3. Selective Retention- Messages have to stick. Postman (1986) claims we live in a '3 minute culture'. We only have a short attention span. |
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Term
Trends in Ownership & Control of the Media.
Factors that have contributed to this decline of choice: |
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Definition
- Diversification: Companies branch out
- Horizontal Integration: Companies owning various media
- Vertical Integration: Controlling all aspects of media.
- Concentration of Ownership: the mass media is controlled by a small percentage.
- Global Conglomerations: Multiple companies in different countries.
- Synergy: Companies making products into multiple products, i.e. films, games, etc.
- Technological Convergence: Several technologies put into one. |
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Term
Trends in Ownership & Control of the Media.
GUMG: Hegemonic approach to media ownership & control: |
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Definition
- Economic Pressure: Reporters keep safe to avoid offensive stories. Many are temp jobs, so must maintain good audiences.
- Agenda Setting: The media decides what we talk about every day. This causes 'Cultural Hegemony'- the principles of capitalism is presented as normal.
- Media content supports interests of owners: It is a by-product of the social backgrounds of the journalists and broadcasters. Generally white, middle class and male. |
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Term
Trends in Ownership & Control of the Media.
Criticisms: |
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Definition
- Barnett & Weymour (1999): the quality of TV has reduced. Focuses on large audiences instead of quality.
- The Fallacy of Choice: Not actually more TV, just repeats and reality TV.
- Public Service Broadcasters: Pluralists use PSB as proof of media integrity.
- Curran: Print Media in the last 10 years: Reduction of serious news and a rise in human interests. |
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