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| ideology according to de Tracy |
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science of ideas not pejorative |
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ideology is bad for democracy |
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ideologies are bad for society? oppresses the people |
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| ideologies are an illusion |
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| a point of view that highlights how society affects the experiences we have and the choices we make |
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| the systematic study of human societies |
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| people who live within some territory and share many patterns of behavior |
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| a way of life including widespread values, beliefs, and behavior |
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| a condition that undermines the well being of some or all members of a society and is usually a matter of public controversy |
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| social-constructionist approach |
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| says that social problems arise as PEOPLE DEFINE CONDITIONS AS UNDESIRABLE and in need of change. states that social problems have a subjective foundation |
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| the process of convincing the public and important public officials that a particular issue or situation should be defined as a social problem. begins when people reject the status quo |
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| an organized effort at claims making that tries to shape the way people think about an issue in order to encourage or discourage social change |
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| stages in social movement |
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1. emergence
2. coalescence
3. formalization
4. decline |
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| social problems: eight assertions |
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1. social problems result from the ways in which society operates
2. social problems are not caused by bad people
3. social problems are socially constructed as peole define a condition as harmful and in need of change
4. people see problems differently
5. definitions of problems change over time
6. problems involve subjective values as well as objective facts
7. many, but not all, problems can be solved
8. various social problems are related |
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| a statement of how and why specific facts are related |
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| a basic image of society that guides theory and research |
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| structural-functional approach |
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| a theoretical framework that sees society as a system of many interrelated parts (social institutions) |
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| major spheres of social life, or societal subsystems, organized to meet a basic human need |
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-think pathology (disease)
-a model that treats social problems as a disruption in society's normal operation, almost like a disease |
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| social disorganization theory |
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holds that problems arise when society breaks down due to soial change that occurs too rapidly
-a type of structural functional theory
chicago school |
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| theoretical framework that sees society as divided by inequality and conflict |
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-theory of class struggle
-didn't like capitalism |
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| an explanation of social problems in terms of racial and ethnic inequality |
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| political movement that seeks the social equality of men and women |
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| explains social problems in terms of men's dominance over women |
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| symbolic interaction approach |
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| theoretical framework that sees society as the product of individuals interacting with one another (liberal) |
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part of the symbolic interaction approach
-claims that people learn troublesome attitudes and behaviors from others around them |
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states that the reality of any particular situation depends on how people define it
-i.e. college kids don't think binge drink is bad but older people might see it as bad |
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| research method in which subjects respond to items on a questionnaire or in an interview |
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| field research / participant observation |
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| research method for observing people while joining them in their everyday activities |
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| research method that uses data originally collected by others |
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| formal strategies that affect how society operates |
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-look to the past for guidance
-favor policies that treat problems as shortcomings of individuals instead of shortcomings of society |
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-favor treating society as opposed to treating individuals
-think people should be FREE from the past to decide on their own how to live |
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society needs to be organized in an entirely new way
-changed from the roots |
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| a continuum representing a range of political attitudes, from "left" to "right" |
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| political debates involving judgments about how people should live |
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| political debates about how a society should distribute its material resources |
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| favor government regulation of the economy in order to reduce inequality. A free market system, they claim, too often works to the advantage of a select few and harms everyone else |
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call for a smaller role for the govt. in the economy
-support lower tax rates in the belief that people should be able to keep more of their responsibility for their own well being. |
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