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| C. Wright Mills made the term famous. Allows us both the ability to participate in social life and step back and analyze the broader meantings of what is going on. |
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| The realities of life we create together as social beings. |
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| made the term "Sociological Imagination" famous. |
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| The scientific study of human societies and human behavior in the many groups that make up a society. |
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| Refers to all the expectations and incentives established by other people in a person's social world. |
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| 3 Levels of Social Reality |
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| Studied the mundane behaviors of everyday life. Wrote "Territories of the Self" about the way people use objects as markers to claim personal space. |
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| Macro Level Social Reality |
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| Refers to whole societies and how they are changing: Revolutions, wars, major changes in the production of goods and services and similar social phenomena that involve very large numbers of people. |
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| Middle Level Social Reality |
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| Social phenomena that occur in communities or in organizations such as businesses and voluntary associations. |
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| Repeated observation, careful description and the formulation of theories based on possible explanations, and the gathering of additional data about questions arising from those theories. |
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| French philosopher who coined the term "sociology." Referred to it as the "Queen of Sciences." Made soem of the earliest attempts to apply scientific methods to the study of social life. |
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| Three most influential social theorists of the 19th Century: |
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| Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber. |
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| Wrote Capital, a detailed study of the rise of capitalism as a dominant system of production. Set forth an extremely powerful theory to explain the transformation taking place as societies became more industrialized and urbanized. Devoted most of his time to the Socialist movement. |
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| Founder of Scientific sociology in France. his best known books are "The Division of Labor in Society," "Rules of the Sociological Method," and "Suicide," which were pioneering examples of the use of comoparative data to asess the dirctions and consequences of social change. Established the first scientific journal in sociology, "L'Annee Sociologique." |
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| Also called Exchange Theory. Focuses on what people seem to be getting out of their interactions and what they in turn are contributing to the relationship or larger group. |
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| Something Goffman studied. Calls attention to the mundane acts of social communication in everyday life, the choices people make and how others respond to those acts and choices. |
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| Asks how society manages to carry out the functions it must perform in order to maintain social order, feed large masses of people each day, defend itself against attackers, produce the next generation and so on. |
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| Associated with Karl Marx and his theory of an eventual civil uprising against capitalism. Holds that power is just as important as shared values in holding society together. |
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| The ability of an individual or group to change the behavior of others. |
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| Robert Park and Ernest Burgess |
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| Led the University of Chicago's sociology department, the oldest in the nation. Park liked to use the city as a "social laboratory." Park noted in an essay that industrialization causes the breakdown of traditional primary group attachments (those of family members, age-mates or clans). |
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| An element of the Chicago School. Emphasized relatioships among social order, social disorganization and the distribution of populations in space and time. |
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| The sociological perspective that views social order and change as resulting from all the immense variety of repeated interactions among individuals and groups. |
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| Saw and described the rise of modern science and the jurisprudence and the modern ways of doing business. |
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