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Sociology Final Review
review for soc final
115
Sociology
12th Grade
05/09/2007

Additional Sociology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
These are the moral rules of a society
Definition
Values
Term
This is all the shared products of human groups: language, religion, food, dress, etc.
Definition
Culture
Term
This social theorist started a settlement house (Hull House) in Chicago
Definition
Jane Adams
Term
These are the manners and customs of a society.
Definition
Folkways
Term
This is the type of status you are born with.
Definition
Ascribed
Term
This ocurs when the expectations for one role causes conflict with the expectations of another role.
Definition
role conflict
Term
This man is considered the "father of sociology."
Definition
Auguste Comte
Term
This woman said that women are opressed because they lack economic power.
Definition
Harriett Martuneau
Term
This is the status that plays the greatest role in a person's life.
Definition
Master Status
Term
These are the important beliefs of a society. What is good or bad, right or wrong.
Definition
Values
Term
This is the science that tht explores human society and social/groups
Definition
Sociology
Term
These type of crimes include sucicide, gambling, drug addiction
Definition
Victimless crime
Term
this is a group of people who are around the same age, and the same social characteristics
Definition
peer group
Term
This is dressing up like mommy, playing fireman, student teaching
Definition
Anticipatory socialization
Term
this is the way we learn the rules of our society
Definition
socialization
Term
This is when you break the norms of your society
Definition
deviance
Term
this a type of status you work for
Definition
Achieved status
Term
This person says that society exsists because of consensus
Definition
Emile Durkheim
Term
This is the belief that your culture is better than anyone elses
Definition
ethnocentrism
Term
This is when a person moves from one important stage in their life into another - graduate from high school
Definition
rite-of-passage
Term
What are Herbert Spencer's ideas on society called?
Definition
Social Darwinism
Term
This is the smalles element of a culture
Definition
culture trait
Term
This is a group where interaction is formal and temporary
Definition
secondary group
Term
These are things in society that remain stable over time.
Definition
Social Static
Term
This is a persons attitudes, beliefs, values, characteristics of a person
Definition
personality
Term
This is a group with their own values and norms that exsist within a larger group (Amish)
Definition
subculture
Term
These are things in society that change over time.
Definition
Social dynamic
Term
This is a group of three people
Definition
traid
Term
tax fraud, embezzlement, crime committed in the course of one's job is called
Definition
white collar or coporate crime
Term
This is the most fragile type of group
Definition
dyad
Term
The intentional killing of an entire group of people because of race, religion, nationality, etc.
Definition
genocide
Term
This is when you treat people unfairly because of their race, religion, gender, etc.
Definition
discrimination
Term
This is an oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group of people. example-all Irish drink, all blonds are dumb, etc.
Definition
stereotype
Term
This is an act that is prohibited by law and punished by the government
Definition
crime
Term
This is your personal identity
Definition
Self
Term
A negative belief about a group of people because of race, religion, gender, etc.
Definition
prejudice
Term
These are rules of behavior
Definition
norms
Term
This is the group in society that does not have power.
Definition
minority group
Term
This is a reason for deviance that says people pick and choose the norms to follow if there are too many, too few, or confusing rules of behavior.
Definition
Anomie
Term
This is based on genetic characteristics.
Definition
Race
Term
This is a position or place you hold in society.
Definition
status
Term
This is a type of status you earn.
Definition
achieved status
Term
This happens when behaviors attached to two statuses cause problems for each other. Example: student but an employee also
Definition
role conflict
Term
This is the group in society that has power.
Definition
dominant group
Term
This occurs when behaviors attached to the same status cause conflict.
Definition
role strain
Term
This is a group whose members share a unique social and cultural heritage.
Definition
Ethnic group
Term
This theory says that much of our social behavior is caused by genetics.
Definition
Sociobiology
Term
This theory says that deviance occurs when everyone cannot achieve the goals of society in an acceptable way they will turn to deviance to achieve the goal.
Definition
Structural Strain Theory
Term
Example of this are words like: policeman, cleaning lady, mailman.
Definition
gender bias in language
Term
This person coined the term "Verstehen" being able to put yourself in someone else's shoes.
Definition
Max Weber
Term
This occurs when a child has to take into account the norms and values of society.
Definition
generalized other
Term
This is the theorist who is most involved with the conflict perspective.
Definition
Karl Marx
Term
This is a group that we use to make evaluations about ourselves.
Definition
reference group
Term
These are rewards or punishments for behavior.
Definition
sanctions
Term
The view that looks at the behavior of groups not individuals
Definition
Social Perspective
Term
being able to put yourself in someone elses shoes
Definition
verstehen
Term
started the settlement house...Hull house in chicago
Definition
Jane Addams
Term
is the systematic study of social behavior and human groups
Definition
sociology
Term
said that women were oppressed because they lacked economic power
Definition
Martuneau
Term
things in society that remain stable over time
Definition
social static
Term
Things in society that change over time
Definition
social dynamic
Term
the father of sociology
Definition
Auguste comte
Term
Herbert Spencer's ideas on society are called
Definition
social darwinism
Term
said that society exsists because of consensus among members of society.
Definition
Emile Durkheim
Term
rewards or punishments for behavior
Definition
sanctions
Term
culture cannot be passed on unless this is present
Definition
language/form of communication
Term
terms: fireman and policeman are examples of what
Definition
gender bias in language
Term
an abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture
Definition
language
Term
religion, language, food preparation, burial rites are all known as
Definition
cultural universals
Term
this is a group with its own values and norms that exists within the dominant culture
Definition
subculture
Term
the belief that your culture is superior to all others
Definition
ethnocentrism
Term
the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects and behaviors is
Definition
culture
Term
these are the most important beliefs of a culture - willing to sacrifice for them
Definition
values
Term
manners, customs, of a culture
Definition
folkways
Term
this says language influences our reality
Definition
spair -worf hypothesis
Term
moral rules of a culture
Definition
mores
Term
groups within a culture that want to change the culture
Definition
counter culture
Term
viewing cultures by their own standards (unbiased)
Definition
cultural relativism
Term
this element of culture consists of rules for behavior
Definition
norms
Term
a fairly large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside thier area, and participate in a common culture
Definition
society
Term
blacklist, white lie, black sheep are examples of what in language
Definition
racial bias
Term
According to Cooley, this is a three part way we develop a sense of self
Definition
looking glass self
Term
is the way people learn attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate for a member of a particular culture
Definition
socialization
Term
According to Mead, this is the first stage in developing a sense of self
Definition
prepatory stage
Term
according to Goffman this approach to the self says we display ourselves to others depending upon our audience.
Definition
dramatalurgical approach
Term
this is a distinct identity that sets us apart from others
Definition
self
Term
this is the study of the biological basis of social behavior
Definition
sociobioloby
Term
getting a drivers liscense, graduating from college, marriage, are all important life changes. the sociological term for this is
Definition
rite of passage
Term
is the question concerning the factors of heredity or environment on socialization
Definition
nature vs. nurture
Term
These are person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behaviors
Definition
personality
Term
attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society that a child must take into account is called
Definition
generalized other
Term
This is the group that has power
Definition
dominant group
Term
is an unfair belief about a person or group
Definition
prejudice
Term
this is the group that does not have power
Definition
minority group
Term
occurs when people are unable to achieve their goals so they take out their anger, and blame their failures, on a weaker person or group
Definition
scapegoat theory
Term
learning prejudice through socialization and the use of stereotypes
Definition
cultural causes of prejudice
Term
share these characterisitcs - glorify power, see the world as black or white, good or bad, see the world as a jungle
Definition
authoritarian personality
Term
is based on skin color, height, hair color and texture - genetic markers
Definition
race
Term
is the unfair treatment of people because of race, nationality, sex, religion etc.
Definition
discrimination
Term
is discrimination that has become part of our social institution (like women not being allowed power positions in many churches)
Definition
structural causes of prejudice
Term
is the belief that your culture is better than anyone elses
Definition
ethnocentrism
Term
are expectations of behavior attached to a certain status
Definition
roles
Term
status you have earned by your own efforts
Definition
achieved
Term
when expectations from two different roles cause problems for each other
Definition
role conflict
Term
socially defined positions in society
Definition
status
Term
when two different expectations from the same position cause problems
Definition
role strain
Term
the most important status
Definition
master status
Term
a crime committed by persons of high social position in the course of their occupation
Definition
white collar crime
Term
behavior that goes aganist the norms of society
Definition
deviance
Term
is a violation of the statues enacted into criminal law
Definition
crime
Term
occurs when a person engages in deviant behavior but people are unaware of it
Definition
secondary deviance
Term
is a violation of law in which there are no apparent victims...gambling, drug use, prostitution
Definition
victimless crime
Term
punishment for deviant behavior
Definition
sanctions
Term
is a crime aganist a person motivated by prejudice...race, religion, gender, etc.
Definition
hate crime
Term
when a person engages in deviant behavior and everyone knows it
Definition
primary deviance
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