Term
|
Definition
| not working for the greater good |
|
|
Term
| Structural Functional Theory |
|
Definition
| individuals are constrained by others actions and beliefs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individuals are mildly influenced by social circumstances we can make decisions and take our own actions |
|
|
Term
| differences between natural sciences and sociology |
|
Definition
| subjective experience (people experience things differently, reactivity (people act differently when they know theyre being watched)ethical issues in the study of human |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the father of sociology, the first to apply scientific method to social life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| created the basis for conflict theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conducted one of the earliest empirical research studies on suicide rates, argued that people internalize social guidelines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rational action by humans is based on their own subjective understanding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
empirically testable
falsifiable
reproducible
valid
generalizable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
quota sample - specific numbers of specific kinds of people
probability sample - same proportion to represent real life
convenience sample - people selected because they are easy to find |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ask things respondents could be expected to know
ask things people want to tell you honestly
ask things that are neither too difficult nor consume too much time |
|
|
Term
| common types of sociological research |
|
Definition
| social survey, experiments, observation |
|
|
Term
| ethical issues in research |
|
Definition
| research should benefit subjects, any risks should be outweighed by benefit, risks should be minimized, privacy should be protected, selection of subjects should be fair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people or things that transmit culture such as family, media, peers, work, education |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the status that defines or structures the role set for a situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the status that defines or structures the role set for a situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any status formally defined as irrelevant to a situation and which should have bearing on interaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a position so important it dominates all other statuses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a status into which individuals are assigned that they have no power over |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a social status acquired through and individuals actions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of expectations for anyone occupying a particular social status |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when different roles have incompatible expectations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| avoid statuses invoking incompatible roles for the same role partner (teachers avoid romatics with students) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a separation of ones self from the role one must play |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| modifications in roles as a result of individual action by people occupying those roles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| actions by an individual occupying a social status based on their role |
|
|
Term
| theories of social interaction |
|
Definition
| symbolic interactionist,dramaturgical, and exchange |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emphasizes the meaning of actions and the use of symbols |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social life can be viewed as actors on a stage, human behavior is the attempt to manage the impressions others have on us |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emphasizes the valued outcomes of the interaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| others present whom they would like to impress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| words, gestures, pictures, anything that conveys meaning to people who share a culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| German boss and American employee |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dark room and light - conformity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shocking experiment - obedience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tracking of students, higher the track the more successful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people not in the stereotype change their beliefs, conformity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| symbols, language, values, and beliefs |
|
|
Term
| responses to cultural diversity |
|
Definition
| multiculturalism and segregation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a combination of ideas, behaviors, and material objects that people created and adopted to carry out daily life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functional view of culture, interactionist view, and conflict view |
|
|
Term
| functional view of culture |
|
Definition
| occurs in the schools, helps individuals become successful in society, gives something to strive for |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| we define culture through social interaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means by which rich and powerful pass on their advantages to their children (the way people distinguish themselves) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Positive - Efficiency
Negative - Trained incapacity (narrow perspective) |
|
|
Term
| Five characteristics of bureaucracies |
|
Definition
Division of labor
Hierarchical authority
Compensatory reward
Impersonality
Written rules and regulations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Positive
-Clarifies decision making
Negative
-Employees have no voice (encourages decision avoidance) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Positive
-discourages favoritism
Negative
-peter principal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Positive
-reduces bias
Negative
-worker alienation and reduced loyalty |
|
|
Term
| written rules and regulations |
|
Definition
Positive
-workers know what's expected
Negative
-stifles initiative and encourages ritualism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a series of social relationships slinking individuals directly and indirectly to others |
|
|
Term
| key processes in group dynamics |
|
Definition
group conformity and group think
obedience to authority
group leadership
diversity and group participation and influence, group size and group performance, altruism and diffusion of responsibility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primary group, secondary group, reference group, in group, and out group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group in which people have face to face associations that endure for long periods of time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group that is large and impersonal, members do no know each other intimately or completely, weak ties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any group a person considers when evaluating his or her actions or characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group that members are involved in to which they identify |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one to which people fell they don't belong |
|
|
