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the science/discipline that studies a. Societies b. Social groups c. Relationships between people |
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Organization of populations -living in the same area -participating in the same institution -share a common culture |
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-Seek Society as a means to advance human welfare -Seek self-realization, full development of cultivated personality, improvement of human social conditions. |
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-Acquiring objective empiracle knowledge (that can be measured/counted) -What "is" and not "what should be" |
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Expand the role of freedom, choice, and conscious decision in history -Personal trouble can affect broader social problems -Faith can alter human history (Humanistic Thinking) |
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Psychology Economics Political Science Anthropology Sociology |
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| Theological Stage of Sociology |
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| Looked toward the supernatural realm of ideas for explanations of what was observed |
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| Metaphysical Stage of Sociology |
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| Looking at the real world for explanations of what is observed |
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| Positive Stage of Sociology |
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-Definitive stage -Looking for general ideas/laws -Social statics and dynamics -Making predictions -Building a brighter future |
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| How societies are held together |
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-1838 -"Socius" + "logos" -Ahead of his time |
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| Studied English social patterns (same time as Compte) |
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"Theoretical giant of communist thought" -His prophecies are still being debated |
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"Society follows a natural evolutionary progression toward something better" |
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| Studied Statistics of suicide |
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Studied origins of capitalism and tested Compte's ideas |
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| Lester Ward / William Graham Sumner |
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| -America lost interest in the "big picture" and focused on more specific issues |
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-Less reforming -More coming up with abstract theories and research methods |
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-Functionalist -Grand Theory |
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| -Based on aspects of the real world and the organization of these concepts to form a conception of society as a stable system of interrelated parts |
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Manifest (intended) vs Latent (unintended) consequences of existing elements in socia structure -Either functional or dysfunctional |
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Controversies in Sociology |
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-Should sociologists be attached? -Should sociologists be value-free? -How should sociologists deal with the individual? -What are the goals of society? |
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-Description -Explanation -Prediction -Control |
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-Making general assumptions -Perspective: studying specific social issues |
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-General ideas, knowledge, or understanding -Specific hypotheses are logically deduced and tested |
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-From concrete observations -General conclusions from reasoning |
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Perspectives of symbolic interaction, dramaturgy, and ethnomethodolgy -We attach meaning to our lives |
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-Seeinging social interaction as a series of episodes -We are "roll playing" -Manipulating the audience -Hiding true self -Amplifying rules of conduct |
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Viewing society as being characterized by conflict at inequality Who benefits and who suffers? -Race, sex, social class, age, unequal distribution of goods |
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"Structural functionalism" -Society = complex system -The components work together -Components are interdependent |
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