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Definition
| A socially created institution that coordinates human activity in the effort to produce, distribute, and consume goods and services. |
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| Any products manufactured, grown, or extracted from the earth, such as food, clothing, housing, automobiles, coal, computers and so on. |
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| Activities performed for others that result in no tangible product, such as entertainment, transportation, financial advice, medical care, spiritual counseling, and education |
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| The process by which plants and animals were brought under human control |
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| The addition of external sources of power, such as oil or steam, to hand tools and modes of transportation |
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| A form of domination in which one country imposes its political, economic, social, and cultural institutions on an indigenous population and the land it occupies |
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| An economic system in which the raw materials and the means of producing and distributing goods and services are privately owned. Capitalist systems are characterized by private ownership of the means of production and are profit-driven, free of government interference, and consumer-driven |
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| A situation in which individuals (rather than workers, the government, or communal groups) own the raw materials, machines, tools, labor, trucks, buildings, and other inputs needed to produce and distribute goods and services |
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| Laws of Supply and Demand |
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Definition
| Natural laws regulating capitalist economies such that "as demand for an item increases, prices rise." Manufacturers respond by increasing production which in turn "increases competition and drives the price down" |
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Definition
| An economic system in which the raw materials and the means of producing and distributing goods and services are collectively owned |
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| A large corporation that owns "smaller" corporations acquired through merger or acquisition |
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| A situation in which a single producer dominates a market |
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Definition
| A situation in which a few producers dominate a market |
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| Primary Sector (Of The Economy) |
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Definition
| Economic activities that generate or extract raw materials from the natural environment |
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| Secondary Sector (Of The Economy) |
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Definition
| Economic activities that transform raw materials into manufactured goods |
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| Tertiary Sector (Of The Economy) |
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Definition
| Economic activities related to delivering services, including the creation and distribution of information |
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| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) |
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Definition
| The monetary value of the goods and services that a nation's work force produces over the course of a year (or some other time period) |
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Definition
| A socially created institution that regulates the use of an access to power that is essential to articulating and realizing individual, local, regional, international, or global interests and agendas |
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| The probability that an individual can achieve his or her will even against another individual's opposition |
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| Legitimate power in which people believe that the differences in power are just and proper-that is, people view a leader as being entitled to give orders |
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| A type of authority that relies on the sanctity of time-honored norms that govern the selection of someone to a powerful position (chief, king, queen) and that specify responsibilities and appropriate conduct for the individual selected |
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| A type of authority that derives from the exceptional and exemplary qualities of the person who issues the commands |
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| A type of authority that rests on a system of impersonal rules that formally specifies the qualifications for occupying a powerful position |
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| The organizational structure that directs and coordinates people's involvement in the political activities of a country or other territory (city, county, state) within that country |
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| A system of government in which power is vested in the citizen body, and in which members of that citizen body participate directly or indirectly in the decision-making process |
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Definition
| A system of government in which decision making takes place indirectly through elected representatives |
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Definition
| A system of government characterized by (1) a single ruling party led by a dictator, (2) an unchallenged official ideology that defines a vision of the "perfect" society and the means to achieve that vision, (3) a system of social control that suppresses dissent and opposition, and (4) centralized control over the media and the economy |
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Definition
| A system of government in which there is no separation of power and a single person (dictator), group (family, military, single party), or social class holds all power |
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| A form of government in which political authority rests in the hands of religious leaders or a theologically trained elite. Under this system, there is no separation of church and state. |
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| Those few people who occupy such lofty positions in the social structure of leading institutions that their decisions have consequences affecting millions of people worldwide |
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| A model that views politics as an arena of compromise, alliances, and negotiation among many competing and different special-interest groups, and power as something that is dispersed among those groups |
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| Groups composed of people who share an interest in a particular economic, political, and social issue and who form an organization or join an existing organization with the goal of influencing public opinion and government policy |
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| Political Action Committees (PACs) |
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Definition
| Committees that raise money to be donated to the political candidates most likely to support their special interests |
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| A tax-exempt advocacy organization that seeks to influence federal elections by running issue related advertisements criticizing the record of a candidate or by mobilizing voters to register and vote |
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| A group of countries under the direct or indirect control of a foreign power or government such that the dominant power shapes the subordinate entities' political, economic, and cultural development |
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| A political entity that exerts control and influence over foreign entities through conquest or force and/or through policies and economic pressures |
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| A process by which a power maintains its dominance over other entities |
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| One that believes military strength, and the willingness to use it, is the source of national-and even global-security |
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| Groups who participate in armed rebellion against some established authority, government, or administration with the hope that those in power will retreat |
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