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| Solidarity based on likeness. Ex: If in a community everyone did the same work such as raising sheep that would form a likeness. So if a bad storm came and ruined an aspect of raising sheep it would ruin that aspect for everyone. |
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| The scientific study of interactions and relations among human beings. |
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1. The theological stage: Religious leaders were the major sources of knowledge and intellectual authority.
2. The Metaphysical stage: People turned to philosophers for guidance.
3. Positive or Scientific stage: knowledge is based on scientific principles. |
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Solidarity based on interdependency.
Ex: in modern society everyone is different and offers different things which brings the society together. |
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| the totality of beliefs and sentiments common to the average members of the same society. |
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| any fact that has to do with sociology that can taken down as stats. Such as suicide rates or divorce rates. |
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| A latin term meaning: Unique and of its own kind. |
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Tonnies term for social relationships that are ends in and of themselves.
Ex: We value our families because of the emotional gain we get. |
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| Was gemeinschaft a modern or pre modern way of sociology? |
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Definition
Tonnes term for social relationships that are entered into as means to an end.
Ex: An employee developes a relationship with his boss to gain a higher pay for his job. |
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| Is gesellschat a modern or pre modern term? |
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Term
| Rational and non rational behavior |
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| rational behavior is a term used for behavior that is calculating a means to an end. Non rational behavior is behavior done for its own sake. |
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Term
| Is non rational behavior more likely to occur in modern or pre modern society? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is rational behavior more likely to occur in modern or pre modern society? |
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Term
| All but economy is epiphenomenal |
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everyone in one way or another serves the economy.
Ex: art can be done for a creative expression but in the end it could be sold and placed into the economy. |
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| Marx's term for the class of people who survive in modern society by selling their labor to the bourgeoisie or the capitalists. |
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| Marx's term for the class of people who own the means of production in modern society, the capitalists. |
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| factories that produced the goods asold and distributed throughout society. |
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| Spencer's term for the notion taht unfettered social competition will lead to the betterment of society since without help the weak will lose that competition and die out. |
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| people pursue their own ends and they follow their own ideas. |
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| the ability to look beyond what is called the personal troubles of individuals to see the public issues of social structure. The social forces operations in the larger society. |
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| suicide rates and integration |
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Definition
| suicides are not always an individual decision. society can play a part asa well. |
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| people can get locked into a larger pattern of social racism because of sociology and not even know it. |
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functions that are intended and obvious.
Ex: Locking away prisoners in a prison for bad behavior. |
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Functions that are not intended and often hidden.
Ex: Prisoners going to prison for bad behavior but learning how to commit more crimes from other inmates. |
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Definition
| if a function is beneficial then it is concidered a function. If a function is not beneficial then it is considered a dysfunction. |
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| Within a society, there is a great deal of consensus about what values and norms are important. Model that assumes that there are parts of society that work. |
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| Within a society there are subgroups of people who cherish different beliefs an have conflicting values and goals. They are in competition for resources. |
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| symbolic interactionionism paradigm |
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Definition
| How people act depends on how they see and evaluate reality. People learn from others how to see and evaluate reality. |
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Definition
| the focus on interations of individuals and the context of those interactions. It is a way of studying a sociological phenomenon. Deals more with the psychological aspect. |
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| focus on broader social phenomena, such as whole social structures, systems, and institutions. Way of studying sociological Phenomena. |
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| things that can be observed through the use of one's physical senses- sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. |
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facts that go against or undermind one's belief.
Example: some people believe that are society is free of racism. The inconvenient fact is that there still is racism in our society. |
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Attitudes toward one's own group and toward outsiders.
EX: there are a lot of people who feel that the United States is the best at everything. When that is not entirely true. |
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Extreme discomfort experienced by individuals encountering a new culture that challenges their world views.
Ex: Students from a all white private school may experience a culture shock when they attend college with different races. |
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| Genocide Ordinary Meaning: |
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| Murder by gov of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. |
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| includes non killings that end in elimination of groups. Ex: preventing births, transfering children out of group. |
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| Genocide Generalized meaning |
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| includes government killing of political opponents or intentional murder. |
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the belief that other people and their ways of doing things can be understood only in terms of the cultural context of those people.
Ex: In some countries we have to understand that according to their cultural history it is right for someone to have their hand chopped off for stealing. |
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