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Sociology 101-Exam 2
N/A
50
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
03/02/2010

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Term
Non-material Culture
Definition
Non-physical products of society
Term
Material Culture
Definition
Physical artifacts of a society
Term
Subculture
Definition
Values, behaviors, and physical artifacts of a group that distinguish it from the larger culture
Term
Institutionalized Norm
Definition
Pattern of behavior becomes widely accepted in a social institution and taken for granted in society.
Term
Sanctions
Definition
Direct social response to some behavior
Term
Negative Sanction
Definition
Punishes violations of social norms and symbolically reinforces cultures values and morals
Term
Mores
Definition
Norms taken very seriously by society. Can be severe sanctions.
Term
Folkways
Definition
Less serious norms, less serious sanctions.
Term
Cultural Relativism
Definition
Peoples beliefs and activities should be interpreted in terms of their own culture.
Term
Ethnocentrism
Definition
People tend to evaluate other cultures in comparison to their own.
Term
Sick Role
Definition
Set of rules for how sick should act.
Term
Socialization
Definition
The needs of society become the needs of the individual.
Term
Identity
Definition
Our most essential and personal characteristic. It is our membership in social groups, our traits, our place in the social world.
Term
Eugenics
Definition
Controlled mating to end "defective" genes
Term
Agents of Socialization
Definition
Things that socialize people
Term
Anticipatory Socialization
Definition
Socialization during childhood
Term
Self
Definition
Unique set of traits, behaviors, and attitudes that distinguishes one person from the next
Term
Reflexive Behavior
Definition
Acting on oneself. Also called self-awareness.
Term
Charles Horton Cooley
Definition
Looking-glass self-American View
Term
Looking-glass Self
Definition
Use reaction of others as mirrors where we see ourselves.
Term
Role Taking
Definition
Ability to use other people's perspectives to form your own behavior
Term
George Herbert Mead
Definition
2 stages in development of role-taking ability. American view
Term
Role Taking
Definition
Ability to use other people's perspectives to form your own behavior
Term
George Herbert Mead
Definition
2 stages in development of role-taking ability. American view
Term
Play Stage
Definition
Children honing language skills-simple, taking perspective from 1 person at a time.
Term
Game Stage
Definition
When children participate in organized activities-realize that they are partof an organized network.
Term
Generalized Other
Definition
Perspective of society
Term
Resocialized
Definition
Learn new roles as an adult as more roles are taken on.
Term
Erving Goffman
Definition
Total Institutions
Term
Total Institutions
Definition
Physical settings where groups are separated and forced to lead an enclosed, formally administered life
Term
Individualist Culture
Definition
Personal accomplishments are a key part of self-concept
Term
Collectivistic Culture
Definition
Personal identity is less important than group identity
Term
Social Identity
Definition
Based on social class, race/ethnicity, and sex.
Term
Melvin L. Kohn
Definition
Middle-class parents more likely to promote independence and curiosity than working class parents.
Term
Sex
Definition
Persons biological maleness and femaleness
Term
Gender
Definition
Designates masculinity and femininity
Term
Primary Socialization
Definition
1st Socialization in life
Term
Impression Formation
Definition
form a quick picture of a person's identity
Term
Impression Management
Definition
Attempt to present favorable impressions
Term
Dramaturgy
Definition
Analyzing social interaction as a series of theatrical performances
Term
Front Stage
Definition
People maintain an appearance while interacting with others.
Term
Back Stage
Definition
People knowingly violate impression management when others are not around.
Term
Embarrassment
Definition
Feeling we experience when the identity we are presenting is suddenly discredited in front of others.
Term
Aligning Action
Definition
An action to restore social order and overcome a spoiled identity
Term
Account
Definition
Verbal statement to explain embarrassing/unacceptable behavior
Term
Disclaimer
Definition
Verbal assertation before the fact to forestall complaints or negative implications.
Term
Stigma
Definition
Permanent spoiling of one's identity.
Term
3 stigmas
Definition
defect of the body, defect of character, and membership in devalued groups
Term
Mixed Contacts
Definition
Interactins between stigmatized and unstigmatized
Term
Selective Disclosure
Definition
Stigmatized people only telling certain people about thier stigma and concealing it from others.
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