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Definition
| Using rules, efficiency, and practical results to determine human affairs. |
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Definition
| A society in which the past is thought to be the best guide for the present (ex. tribal, peasant, and feudal societies). |
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| Rationalization of Society |
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Definition
| A widespread acceptance of rationality and social organizations that are built largely around this idea. |
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Definition
| An economic system built around the private ownership of the means of production, the pursuit of profit, and market competition. |
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Definition
| A secondary group designed to achieve explicit objectives. |
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Definition
| A formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor; emphasis on impersonality of positions and written rules, communications, and records. |
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| McDonaldization of Society |
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Definition
| The process by which ordinary aspects of life are rationalized and efficiency comes to rule them, including such things as food preparation. |
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Definition
| An organization replacing old goals with new ones (also known as goal replacement). |
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Definition
| Workers' lack of connection to the product of their labor (Marx term); not feeling a part of something. |
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Definition
| A tongue in-cheek observation that the members of an organization are promoted for their accomplishments until they reach their level of incompetence; there they cease to be promoted, remaining at the level at which they can no longer do good work. |
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Definition
| The violation of norms (or rules of expectations). |
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Definition
| The violation of norms written into law. |
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Definition
| "Blemishes" that discredit a person's claim to a "normal" identity. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group's usual and customary social arrangements, on which its members depend and on which they base their lives. |
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Definition
| A group's formal and informal means of enforcing its norms. |
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Definition
| An expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction such as a frown to a formal reaction such as a prize or a prison sentence. |
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Term
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Definition
| An expression of approval for following a norm, ranging from a smile or a good grade in a class to a material reward such as a prize. |
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Term
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Definition
| People who associate with some groups learn "an excess of definitions" of deviance, increasing the likelihood that they will become deviant (Edwin Sutherland term). |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that two control systems- inner controls and outer controls- work against our tendencies to deviate. |
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Term
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Definition
| The view that the labels people are given affect their own and others' perceptions of them, thus channeling their behavior into either deviance or conformity. |
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Term
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Definition
| The objectives held out as legitimate or desirable for the members of a society to achieve. |
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Term
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Definition
| Approved ways of reaching cultural goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Robert Merton's term for the strain engendered when a society socializes large numbers of people to desire a cultural goal (such as success), but withholds from some of the approved means of reaching that goal; one adaption to the strain is crime, the choice of an innovative means (one outside the approved system) to attain the cultural goal. |
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Term
| Three Components of Class |
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Definition
| Property, power and prestige. |
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Term
| Difference Between Wealth and Income |
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Definition
| Wealth is a person's net worth whereas income is a flow of money. |
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Term
| Accomplishment of Natural Growth |
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Definition
| A working class child-rearing practice involving more unstructured leisure time. |
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Term
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Definition
| A middle class child-rearing practice involving organized/deliberate activities established and controlled by mothers and fathers. |
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