Term
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Definition
| socially disapproved behavior. the violation of a norm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Depends on situation, some may think it is some may not |
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Definition
| Wrong in ALL circumstances |
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Term
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Definition
type of deviance, not serious, interrupts social order. No forms of sanction (jail)
ex: Pink hair, tattoos, piercings,... |
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Term
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Definition
type of deviance, more serious. acts are wrong, but no jail or sanction.
Affair, slapping a child, verbl abuse.. |
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Term
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Definition
type of deviance, Acts the state says are illegal- formal sanction. Not a formal consensus within society to decide if they're wrong.
Selling liquor to minors, sell drugs... |
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Term
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Definition
type of deviance, always wrong.
murder |
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Term
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Definition
| society creates in all of us a need/desire for material possessions, not all of which we have the resources to obtain. This creates a strain for us. |
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Term
Conformity
(response to strain theory) |
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Definition
Response to strain theory, you find legit means to get things
christmas, loans.. |
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Term
Innovation
(response to strain theory) |
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Definition
find a way to get them thats ill legit
steal |
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Term
Ritualism
(response to strain theory) |
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Definition
become obsessed with getting what you want
workaholic, lose sight of what you wanted |
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Term
Retreatism
(response to strain theory) |
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Definition
Give up on society, say screw it
homeless people, alcoholics |
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Term
Rebellion
(response to strain theory) |
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Definition
Rejects society's goals but try to replace them with new goals
cults |
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Term
| Differential Association Theory |
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Definition
| People's behavior is a reflection of who they associate with. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deviance depends on the amount of social control one feels exerted upon them. Effectiveness of social control is based on 4 things: attachment, opportunity, involvement, belief |
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Term
Attachment
(Control theory) |
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Definition
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Term
Opportunity
(Control Theory) |
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Definition
ability to engage in legit things
COULD go to church, could go to work, school |
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Term
| Involvement (Control Theory) |
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Definition
| You could actually go to work, school, church |
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Term
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Definition
| Strong belief in the correctness in authority figures and rules |
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Term
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Definition
| Deviance in socially constructed- who and what get labeled deviant depends on how others react to the behavior in question (Primary and Secondary) |
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Term
| Primary Deviance (Labeling Theory) |
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Definition
| Behavior that violates a norm but is often unnoticed by authorities. ex: speed limit, swim nude, cheat on HW.. |
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Term
Secondary Deviance
(Labeling Theory_ |
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Definition
| Deviance that occurs as a result of having already gained the label "deviant" |
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Term
Deviance and crimes
(Definitions) |
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Definition
Crime- an unlawful act
Deviance- violation of a norm
*Speeding- crime, but not deviant. Cheating on wife-deviant, not crime.
-deviance and crime go hand in hand but not the same |
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Term
Types of Crime. FBI collects data on 8 forms of crime (Index Crimes) that are in 2 types, 4 for each type.
Violent, and property |
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Definition
Violent crimes- murder, rape, robbery, assault.
Property- burglary, theft, car theft, arson
serious crimes we need to pay attn to |
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Term
| Crimes that aren't tracked by FBI |
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Definition
juvenile- 17 years
organized-(mob) bureaucratic ring to provide illegal services/goods
white collar- Martha Stewart. business usually.
victimless crime- gambling, drug use... |
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Term
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Definition
| payment to society.They get what they deserve. Depending on crime, givin a payment. *Parking ticket- $50. Serial killer- death. |
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Term
Punishment:
Rehabilitation |
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Definition
| Teach offenders how to be productive members of society |
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Term
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Definition
| Serve as a threat, so we scare them and prevent further crimes. |
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Term
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Definition
Household- all persons who occupy a dwelling
Family- 2 or more ppl related by blood, marriage, or adoption, live together |
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Term
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Definition
Rules/Expectations that a person will choose a mate W/IN a certain group
race, class, age, education, religion |
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Term
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Definition
Rules/expectations they will choose a mate from OUTSIDE a certain group
gender, related kin... |
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Term
Nuclear family
(not extended kin) |
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Definition
| spouses and children are central family unit |
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Term
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Definition
Other blood relatives
grandparents, uncles, (usually dont live with you) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| family you start/create, through marriage and parenthood |
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Term
Monogamy/Polygamy
-Polygyny/Polyandry |
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Definition
Monogamy- 1 husband/wife
Polygamy- general term for 2+ spouse
-polygyny- 1 husband, 2+wives
-polyandry- 1 wife, 2+ husbands |
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Term
| 2 reasons for increase in divorce |
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Definition
no-fault divorce- (1970 in Cali)
-divorce due to irreconcilable diff
-easy, convienient, tell judge you dont get along. makes easy on kids,family
Ideology of Individualism
-Belief system that promotes meeting your own needs "To thyne own self be true." Kind of needs into no fault laws. "im not happy..." |
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Term
| Consequences of divorce (2) |
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Definition
Vanishing fathers
-they usually lose contact w/ kid. less likely to pay child support
Economic hardship for women/children
-Quickest way for a woman to enter poverty-Divorce.
-Quickest way for man to see his standard of living rise-Divorce |
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Term
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Definition
Everything in society has a purpose, even if it looks bad. If its in society, it does something for us.
Ex: look at 5 job types (irrigation ex.) and say all jobs are necessary, but some more impt than others, bc of scarce skills |
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Term
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Definition
| About power. Marxism is foundation for it, but not same thing. This doesnt promote equality for all. Power is about who has some kind of resources. They say inquality exists bc some ppl have power, some dont. And some refuse to accept anything less (architects) |
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Term
Stratification
(inequality) |
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Definition
society's ranking of individuals.
Social class- largely determines ppl's life chances, and affects their style of life.
Meritocracy- You get what you earn in life. a social system where achievement is based on merit. YOUR OWN merit |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to meet your basic needs for food, clothing, shelter. |
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Term
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Definition
| wealthiest in society. Generally dont have to work. afford the finer things. Kids have good networking, education, neighborhoods |
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Term
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Definition
| Professional jobs (doctors, lawyers..) Financially stable. Decent income. Can afford luxeries, not finer things always. Children enjoy access to good neighborhoods, schools, financially secure lifestyle, have $ for college. |
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Term
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Definition
| Live just above poverty line. Occupy factory like jobs. Little access to "extras." children often live in lesser neighborhoods, schools, have difficulty affording college |
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Term
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Definition
| Officially classified as poor. Live in poverty. D not have enough money to meet their daily needs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amt of yearly income a family requires to meet its basic needs. Based on 3 times the cost of food in 1960. If you have it, you're above poverty. If not, you're in it. |
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Term
Persistence of Poverty
(2 explanations of poverty) |
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Definition
Meritocracy- you get what you earn. ppl are poor bc they dont work hard, they're lazy, dumb... This is FUNCTIONALIST
Income and Wealth Distribution- Perpetuates poverty via inheritance, inability for that income and wealth to be easily redistributed to others in population. CONFLICT argument. |
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Term
Stereotypes
(thoughts, negative beliefs, or actions?) |
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Definition
| Overgeneralized beliefs that a certain trait, behavior, or attitude characterizes all members of that group. SHorthand device for understanding our world. (Thoughts) |
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Term
Prejudice
(Thoughts, neg beliefs, or actions?) |
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Definition
| Negative attitudes towards members of a certain group. This is an attitude. Or belief, or feeling. Not a behavior. (Neg beliefs) |
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Term
Discrimination
(Thoughts, neg beliefs, or actions?) |
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Definition
| Unfair treatment of people based on their membership in a certain group. BEHAVIOR, action. |
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Term
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Definition
| The belief that characteristics of a group indicates that groups inferiority, and justifies discrimination. Brings belief and behavior together (prej. and disc.) Unfair treatment of people based on race/ethnicity. |
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Term
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Definition
*Race-Similar physical characteristics
*Ethnicity-Similar cultural characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| A social construction. As humans, we're more similar than diff, and we highlight these differences, and unnecessarily link the differences w meaning. |
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Term
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Definition
| People who are not overly racist but do unconsciously hold racist beliefs. This idea says you may still be racist. Also called CULTURAL RACISM bc racist ideas are embedded in our culture and seep into individs thinking |
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Term
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Definition
Racism that is built into society's social institutions.
*Legal system, educational system, economy... |
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Term
| Culture of Poverty Thesis |
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Definition
| Individuals who are poor, unemployed, uneducated, etc. are that way b/c they value harwork, emplyment, education,. less than others. INDIVIDUAL LEVEL EXPLANATION |
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Term
| Structural Barriers Thesis |
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Definition
| Individuals who are poor, uneducated, unemployed...are that way b/c society puts barriers in their way that preclude them from finding good jobs & schools... INDIVID LEVEL EXPLANATION |
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Term
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Definition
Inquality based on sex and gender. Belief that members of one sex are superior to the other.
*ex: men should be paid more. Only women can parent.Women should cook. |
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Term
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Definition
| Biological characteristics associated with being male or female. Genetics |
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Term
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Definition
| Social behaviors associated w/ a particular sex. What we have created to make sense and deal with sex difference. |
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Term
Institutional Sexism
Wage Gap |
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Definition
| Women earn less than men. Women on avg earn 71-76 cents for every $1 that a man earns. This is due to- types of jobs, teacher nurse (cop lawyer), diff in education, diff in job experience, more expensive to pay:pregnant, miss work more: maturnaty leave, take more days off:sick kids. |
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Term
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Definition
Sexual intercourse or activity w/o the consent of both parties.
*Acquaintance rape: (80% of time.) committed by someone who the victim knows.
*Females- 7x more likely to be raped.
*College girls- 20-25% will be raped before they leave college. Up to 75% of time- alcohol/drugs is involved.
*1 in 12 males commit rape, but 88% who commit it deny it was rape. |
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Term
| Cultural Contributions to rape |
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Definition
Our culture practices contribute to the high incidence of rape. Rape is a byproduct of institutional sexism.
*ex: guys-pimp,player. girls-Whore,slut.
*ex: How we signal that we want to be more intimant is confusing, leads to misunderstanding. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fundamental alterations in the patterns of culture, structure, and social behavior over time. Society becomes something diff, while in some respects stay the same. |
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Term
Collective Action
(Source of Social Change)
Social Movement
(Source of social change) |
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Definition
People organizing & working together to achieve it. Small scale, live near each other, groups of ppl.
*Social Movement- Collective action that has spread beyond the initial group of ppl & begins to encompass the actions of large numbers of ppl across broad ranges. ex: Civil Rights Movement, Womens Movement... |
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Term
Types of Social Movement (3)
Reformed, Counter, Revolutionary |
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Definition
*Reformed Movement- seek to change a particular aspect of society, not the structure of society itself. just part, not whole thing.
*Counter- attempts to halt or undo changes caused by Reformed one.
ex:pro-choice=reform. pro-life=counter
*Revolutionary Movement- attempt to overthrow entire structure of society; institute a new gov't, a new class system,...
ex: American Rev, Russian Rev, French Rev... |
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Term
| Characteristics of successful social movements (3) |
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Definition
1.Belief system- Ideology they are working from. For something, means something.
2.Access to resources- $, participants, media,financial support.
3.Political opportunity- Society must be receptive of movement, willing to accept it. (Hardest to achieve) |
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