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Social Work Exam
Clinical Exam
73
Other
Professional
02/23/2006

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Term
major depression
Definition
296
Term
Narrative therapists disagree with systems-oriented therapists. Narrative therapists believe that
Definition
The therapist should explore the family's cultural context and help them separate from it
Term
The foundation for attachment in monkeys as determined by Harlow was
Definition
Harry F. Harlow, a psychologist at the University of Wisconsin, demonstrated the importance of contact comfort in attachment. He was among the first to find that rhesus monkeys become unusually aggressive when raised in isolation.
Term
Tests that are sensitive to social constructs and differences would be
Definition
Cultural fair
Term
Transference
Definition
people turn into a "biological time machine". A nerve is struck when someone says or does something that reminds you of your past. This creates an "emotional time warp" that transfers your emotional past and your psychological needs into the present. In less poetic terms, a transference reaction means that you are reacting to someone in terms of what you need to see, you are afraid of or what you see when you know very little about the person. This all happens without you knowing why you feel and react the way you do
Term
Counter-Transference
Definition
therapist’s "emotional time warp" around their patient’s transference. In other words, counter-transference is a therapist’s counter- reaction. That’s why some therapists think they are falling in love with their patients. That’s also why older guys become obsessed with younger female employees they barely know.
Term
How does Freud view humans?
Definition
He viewed human behavior on the basis of unconscious motivation and drive, rather than on actions or thoughts.
Term
what is the conscious?
Definition
Those thoughts and ideas that we are aware of.
Term
What is the preconscious?
Definition
Those thoughts that we are not aware of, but are easily accessible.
Term
What is the unconscious?
Definition
Those thoughts and ideas that we cannot access and therefore unaware of.
Term
According to psychoanalytic theory, what are thoughts and behaviors driven by?
Definition
Inner forces, motives and drives.
Term
Explain the concept of ID
Definition
primitive

basic drives, libido

focuses on pleasure principle.
Term
Explain the concept of EGO
Definition
Rational and exucutive portion of the personality.

Reality principle.
Term
what is the concept of Superego?
Definition
Moral, ethical..

Conscience...
Term
Denial
Definition
claiming/believing that what is true to be actually false

"Refusing to acknowledge"
Term
Displacement
Definition
redirecting emotions to a substitute target.
Term
Dissociation
Definition
Separation or postponement of a feeling that normally would accompany a thought.
Term
Idealization
Definition
Form of denial....

object of attention is presented as "all good" masking true negative feelings toward the other.
Term
Identification
Definition
Unconscious modeling of one's self upon another person's behavior.
Term
Introjection
Definition
Identifyng with some idea or object so deeply that is becomes a part of that person.
Term
Isolation
Definition
inability to simultaneously experience the cognitive and affective components of a situation
Term
Intellectualization
Definition
Rationalizing, making generalizations about anxiety provoking situations to minimize anxiety/pain
Term
Projection
Definition
Attributing a painful thought or idea to another person
Term
Projection
Definition
Attributing a painful thought or idea to another person
Term
Reaction Formation
Definition
Replacing painful or negaive event with the complete opposite.
Term
Regression
Definition
going back to acting as a child
Term
Repression
Definition
pushing uncomfortable thoughts into the subconscious.
Term
Somatization
Definition
Manifestation of emotional anxiety into physical symptoms.
Term
Splitting
Definition
Repressing, dissociating, disconnecting important feelings that are "dangerous" to psychic well-being.
Term
What is the premise of Ego Psychology?
Definition
That individuals have the ability to adapt to their social environments.
Term
Adaptation
Definition
reciprocal relationship between individuals and the envionment, which involves changing the envionment or being changed by it.
Term
Alloplastic Behavior?
Definition
changing the environment in order to adapt
Term
Autoplastic Behavior
Definition
changing own behavior in order to adapt.
Term
What is reality testing?
Definition
ability to differentiate between accurate perceptions of the self and the environment.
Term
In terms of Ego Psychology, what is Judgement?
Definition
ability to identify and weigh the consequences of a behavior before acting.
Term
In terms of Ego Psychology, what is Object Relations?
Definition
Ability to interact with others.
Term
In terms of Ego Psychology, what are thought provesses?
Definition
Ability to have goal-directed, organized and realistic thoughts.
Term
In terms of Ego Psychology, what is defensive functioning?
Definition
Ability to use unconscious mechanisms to reduce anxiety and painful experiences.
Term
Who created Object Relations Theory?
Definition
Margaret Mahler
Term
What is the focus of Object Relations Theory?
Definition
The reciprocal relationship between a mother and her infant and its effect on the infant's development of sense of self.
Term
What are the three stages of development in the object relations theory?
Definition
Autistic Stage

Symbiotic State

Separation-Individuation Stage
Term
Define the Autustic Stage of Object Relations Theory?
Definition
Infant is focused on self.

Infant is unresponsive to external stimuli.

Newborn to 1 month
Term
Define the Symbiotic Stage of the object relations theory?
Definition
Infant begins to percieve "need-satisfying object"

Feels unity with mother, but begins to see the mother as a separate being.

1-5 months.
Term
Who developed the Self-Psychology Theory?
Definition
Heinz Kohut, through his work with narcissistic patients..
Term
Define the model of Self-psychology...
Definition
Model of personality development in which the infant's instinctual drives are separate from the attainment of a cohesive self.
Term
According to self-psychology, what are selfobjects?
Definition
A child's perception of other people and objects as part of his/her self.
Term
According to self-psychology, what is empathic mirroring?
Definition
process of development in which the child mirrors the selfobject with the help of his/her nurturing parents.
Term
According to self-psychology, what is transmuting internalization?
Definition
process where a person attains a cohesive self by transforming positive healthy objects into an internalized self-structure.
Term
Who founded Gestalt Theory?
Definition
Fritz Perls
Term
Define Gestalt Theory.
Definition
focus on holistic nature of human experience.

emphasizes the total person rather than an individual with separate parts.

Focuses on present ~ believes behaviors are conscious and can be controlled by indiv.
Term
Who developed the psychosocial theory?
Definition
Erik Erikson
Term
Define psychosocial theory.
Definition
individuals social environment is shaped by behaviors and personality.

Spans development over the entire life span.
Term
Considering the 3 parts of Freud's personality, which portion is most important to Erik Erikson?
Definition
Ego.
Term
Trust vs. Mistrust
Definition
Infancy

Child develops a sense of trust in others through love and nurture.

If not loved/nurtured, child may experience a high level of mistrust causing child to be withdrawn later in life.
Term
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
Definition
2 to 3 years

Child begins to develop skills that allow him to be autonomous. Becomes more confident and in control.

If child not provided what they need, i.e. nurturance, child may feel ashamed and less confident.
Term
Initiative vs. Guilt
Definition
4 to 5 years

Child becomes curious, moves about to explore. Learns to play with others.

Child who is not allowed to take initiative will feel guilty/fearful.
Term
Industry vs. Inferiority
Definition
6 to 11 years.

Child develops a need to do things well, to work and provide in the future. Peers are critical in assisting the child master these tasks.

If child fails to achieve, they will feel inferior and incompetent.
Term
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Definition
12 to 18 years

adolescent begins to create his/her own identity & integrate the various components of himself into a whole person

Adolescent who is unable to integrate will experience role confusion.
Term
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Definition
20 to 25 years

Indiv learns to build reciprocal rel'ships with others on many levels, including socially, sexually and occupationally.

Will feel isolated if unable to build these rel'ships.
Term
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Definition
35-50 years

Develops capacity to care/ nurture.

Will focus on caring for self if failing at this stage.
Term
Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Definition
50 years +

Learns to accept own life achievements and significant others.

If fail, will experience despair.
Term
Who developed Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)?
Definition
albert ellis
Term
define Rational Emotive Therapy
Definition
ABC Model

A represents the activating event

B represents the indiv's thoughts and beliefs about A

C represents the emotional & Behavioral consequences of B
Term
Who developed theory of moral development?
Definition
Kohlberg
Term
Define pre-conventional level of moral development
Definition
Moral reasoning based on fear of punishment and hope of reward.
Term
Kohlberg believed there was no correlation between moral development and ___________
Definition
age
Term
Define pre-conventional level of moral development
Definition
Moral reasoning based on fear of punishment and hope of reward.
Term
Define Conventional level of moral development
Definition
Moral reasoning based on adherence to social rules
Term
Define post-conventional level of moral development
Definition
Moral reasoning based on moral principles that may transcend social rules.

Kohlberg believes few reach this level.
Term
Define Delirium.
Definition
Inability to focus or remember, disorientation and language disturbance. Disturbance is brief and fluctuates during the day.
Term
Define Tourette's Disorder.
Definition
Motor and vocal tics many times a day for a period of more than 1 year.

Onset before age 18.
Term
Qualitative Research
Definition
Systematic investigation that includes inductive, non-quantitative studies of individuals or groups.

ex. Field Study
Term
Quantitative Research
Definition
Systematic investigation that includes descriptive or inferential analysis.

Ex. experiments, survey research
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