Boy's summer camp had two groups. set up intense competitions for the groups - lead to immediate prejudice starting from verbal taunts to actions such as destroying cabins and burning flags.

In attempts of reducing prejudice they attempted to increase contact between the two groups with no results. Eventually prejudice was reduced by inducing a Superordinate goal.

They correlated lynching with the price of cotton, when profit was up there was less lynching. Supporting the Scapegoat Theory.

Need for self-justification following cruelty

Economic Competition

Scapegoating

Prejudice personality

Cause of Prejudice

Realistic Conflict theory. The more competition there is the more likely to see the other group negatively.

Equal Status Contact

Mutual Dependency

Chance of aquaintance

Illusory correlation

Ignoring covariations

Implicit Stereotyping

Ignoring 3rd cariables involved in statistics, such as lower scores of Hispanics leading to assumption that hispanics are not intellegent rather than considering the variable of low income home life and school system

Personal Identity

and Social identify in-group-out-group

Personal identity

Social identity in-group-out-group

Social identity theory (is a theory concerned with the consequences of perceiving ourselves as a member of a social group and identifying with it). In-group loyalty vs. out-group discrimination. In-group more inclined percieve situationally rather than that of out-group which is dispositionally.

Group goals

Men outnumber women on T.V. 2:1, and women are perceived as either sex objects or mothers.

Media bias

Primary source of stereotypes, do not mirror reality. Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians are under represented on T.V.

Social roles

Majority is benefited by minority stereotypes as supposed to occupy lower paying jobs.

Elaine Hatfield

Social psychologist married to another social psychologist, wrote a book about marriage and then got a divorce. She was curious about physical attraction. People were inclined to say that attractiveness was not important, however in study with undersgraduate freshman had a greater time with attractive people.

Causes of interpersonal attraction

Social psychologist married to another social psychologist, wrote a book about marriage and then got a divorce. She was curious about physical attraction. People were inclined to say that attractiveness was not important, whoever generally people enjoyed talking on the phone with someone they thought was more attractive.

Proximity (In attraction research, the physical closeness between two individuals with respect to where they live, where they sit in a classroom, where they work, and so on. The smaller the physical distance, the greater probability that the two people will come into repeated contact experiencing repeated exposure to one another, positive affect, and the development of a mutual attraction.)

Causes for interpersonal attraction

We like people who are like us, extends across wide characteristics such as backgrounds, attitudes, race, religion, education, smoking and drinking habits, happy vs. depressed mood, height, weight, and facial features. We think they will be more like us, it is rewarding to be agreed with, and we have negative feelings about people who disagree with us.

Individualistic cultures market pricing

 tendency for two people to match in attractiveness, and/or resources

Collectivist cultures authority ranking

tendency for arranged marriages, parents to pick lovers

Buss’ study of 37 cultures

the theory that men are more likely to be attracted to young attractive women to produce healthy babies, and women attracted to financial status to support a family, holds true acro

Characteristics of passionate love

An intense and often unrealistic emotional response to another person. When this emotion is experience, it is usually perceived as an indication of true love, but to outside observer’s it appears to

Characteristics of companionate love

Love that is based on friendship, mutual attraction, shared interests, respect, and concern for one another’s welfare.

A style characterized by high-self esteem and high interpersonal trust. This is the most successful and most desirable attachment

Anxious/Ambivious attachment style

Dismissing attachment style

(a style characterized by high self-esteem and low interpersonal trust. This is a conflicted and somewhat insecure style in which the individual feels that he or she deserves a close relationship but is frustrated because of mistrust of potential partners. The result is the tendency to reject the other person at some point in the relationship to avoid being the one who is rejected.)

Fearful- avoidant: A style characterized by low self-esteem and low interpersonal trust. This is the most insecure and least adaptive attachment

Sternberg’s triangular theory of love:

1.     Intimacy: Feeling a connection to one another. The closeness felt by two people – the extent to which they are bonded.

2.     Passion: Physical attraction and arousal. The sexual motives and sexual excitement associated with a couple’s relationship.

3.     Commitment: Decision is (the cognitive processes involved in deciding that you love another person and are committed to maintain the relationship.)

Self, Spouse ( Differences come out, and become less and less tolerable, and disenchantment sets in. ) , External Influence(

There is a growing tendency for spouses to perceive their partner’s love and approval as being linked to external success – achievements in their careers, jobs, or at school. Belief that a spouse is only kind and loving when they are successful. Personal failure can cause someone with a low self-esteem to feel less accepted and rejected by spouse.

), Background ( Different backgrounds my provoke disapproval by outsiders, and can either tear the relationship apart or cause them to become more committed to the relationship. They actually tended to show greater amount of commitment to relationships. ), Marrying for the wrong reasons.

Upsetting actions

·      Exit: Getting out of it

·      Voice: Talk about it

·      Neglect: Just avoid the problem

·      Loyalty: Ignoring things a putting things aside due to loyalty

·      Marry for reasons other than attractiveness or resources

·      Are communal

·      Don’t drive the other person crazy

·      Use voice and loyalty in dealing with conflict

Autokinetic phenomenon

General cultural norms, such as when to arrive early or late, gift giving.

Aka disjunctive. simply indicating what most people do in a given situation. They influence us by informing us about what is generally seen as effective or adaptive in that situation.

Norms specifying what ought to be done what is approved or disapproved behavior in a given situation.

Conformity

adherence to social norms

Asch’s line judging studies

reasons for conformity & decrease

Conform to avoid rejection and because the others may be right.

Decrease in compliance with the more value of the answer or by training and telling them they are really good.

Obedience

Stanley Milgram obedience to authority

How to increase it obedience/compliance

·      Foot in the door: Do something small first and then ask for larger.

·      Door in the face: Ask got something large then ask for something smaller.

·      Pique: Ask for something unusual to pique interest, and get attention first – gets you to stop and talk

·      And that’s not all: Giving the price something and then adding more product to what you will receive as bonus.

·      Lowball: offer a really good price, then say that prices is no longer available

·      Playing hard to get: Say that something is scarce and there are not many left

·      Ingratiation:

·      Deadline: Say that they have a limited time to buy something and that after a certain point they will no longer be able to get it

Stage 1: The Hook-group gets new recruit to be in contact

Stage 2: Indoctrination – softening up – asks to on a weekend retreat where they cannot leave – Rigid retreat – Sleep deprivation and food deprivation so people cannot think clearly – love bombing – limits access to friends and relatives – unconditional positive regard by everyone there

Stage 3: Compliance – food in the door – gets the person to go along with the belief

Stage 4: Internalization – believes in group philosophy – Stockholm syndrome – captivates view captors as the good guys

Stage 5: consolidation stage – makes it very hard to get out of the group

-        This works because attention is reduced because of food and sleep deprivation – isolation prevents alternative points of view