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Definition
a term coined by Festinger - describes deindividualation as a complex process in which a series of antecedent social conditions leads to change in self perceptions : the personm comes to see himeself or herself more as a memeber of a group than as an individual. This inturn leads to a lower thershold for normal restrained behaviour. When conditions are right this can lead to antisocial behjaviour :
according to Zimbardo Deindividualataion is the result of 5 factors
1) Loss of identity : this can occur when a person is standing in a group or is wearing a mask
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2) Loss of responsibility : If many people are engaging in voilence, each person's share of the blame may be seen as smaller
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3) Presence of Group physical activity : Such activities is, in it;s self arousing and sustaining. For example, when everyone is yelling and screaming at a rock concert - such stimuli may cause you to yell and scream too.
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4) Limited temporal Perspectives: The person lives for the moment and ignores past obligations and future accouning
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5) A Novel or Unstructured situation: The absence of the clues that might otherwise restain behavioutr can klead to lower inhibitatiobn - ie: No police, possible out break of crimes. |
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| each of us belong to many _________, such as female, canadian, student, aerobics insructor , daughter or girlfriend |
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| we tend to follow a ____________ of behaviour indiscriminating against all out-groups |
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| _____________ refers to those aspects of our self-image which depends on social categories |
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| when we perceive ourselves as disadvantaged relative to members of another social category , we may ____________ the situation to encourage favorabe comparisons |
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| Discuss the impact of stress on eyewitness accuracy ? |
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Definition
us suprem court identified five ctiter whiuch will outline anacurate eye witness
1) the opportunity of the witness to view the criminal
2) the xtent to which the witness was paying attention
3) the accuracy of the witnesses description of the criminal before seeinmg the accused
4) the extent to which the witness is confident of what he saw
5) the time elapsed between the criminal and identifictaion
However, reserach does not support these factors as hacing an effect on the accuracy of the eye witness testimoney
factors that do influence are the ability to identify a person from your own race ,
The reliability of eyewitness is questionable in a number of circumstances. Important factors include police line up procedures, stress time elapse between incidents and recall, the nature of the protagonist - But not the confidence of the eyewitnness |
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| what are the advantages and disadvantages of jury simulation ? |
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Definition
Simulations are required as no actual jury can be studies - so mock juries are set up and used actors to play the roles These mock juries are not the best at getting actual representations - Firstly, they often use only university students as participants - mock juries of university students are more likelytoaquite than regual juries
real juries sitthrough the entire trial, whereas the student juries do not. - thus the exposure to clues are richer,
so juries simple vote and do not deliberate - This act of deliberation is important on several psychological levels.
In addition, real juries make decision which have real impact on individual where as the mock jureis do not. |
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| Explain the difference of the adversary and inquisitional model of courtroom procedure . |
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Definition
The adversary procedure derived from the british model and used in Canada and the usa courts is developed and arguded and defended by the parties to the dispute or their lawyers. In the inquistional model used in France, a judge is assigned a role in supervising the collection of evidence and ccasionally questioning witness rather than simply listening to the two sides in the disputes
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The critual psychological difference between the adversary and inquistional model is who controls the process of the trial.
In the adversarial system, the two parties control the gathering of evidence, the calling of witness and the presentation of arguments, while in the inquistional system the judge directs the gathering and presentation of evidence - In the adversary process the acused at least feels that they have control over the system and the process, thus giving them a sence of control and a feeling of a more fair trial. |
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| define " distributive justice" and how is changes through out cultures |
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Definition
Definition: The conditions under which the allocation of a resource or the outcome of an event would be judged as just or unjust ?
concepts of Distributive justice differ between cultures - for example : one streal a ticket to a train, the other does not delivery rings to a freinds weddings - the first is undesirable breach of justice rights volations, where as teh second is violating interpresonal responsibilities . Indian see's interpersonal responsibilities as more important that voilations of rights - USA the opposit |
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| what are three major rules of distributive justice |
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Definition
Equity : we measure our gains against what we view as our contrbutions and our worthyness abd we compare this ratio with the ratio for others people in similar or dissimilar situations
Equality : sometimes resources are distributed equally raher than equitably
Need : Those that need the most should recieve the most |
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| what are the three ways that modeling can effect behaviour |
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Definition
1) in the acquistion or learning of a new behaviour
2) in the inhibitation or disinhibitation of a behaviour in certain circumstances
3) In direct, immediat imitation at a given time ( response facilitation )
this is shown in drinking behaviour, and eating behaviour |
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| how can certain personality types create a situation where a person is more vulnerable to a range of diseases |
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Definition
| lack of social supports - IMPORT IN DEALING WITH STRESS AND IMPORTANT IN DEALING WITH RECOVERY FROM ILLNESS . Soical support is considered a buffer to protect against the additional development of support . |
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