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Definition
| people engaged in common activities but having minimum direct interaction |
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Definition
| a process whereby the presence of others enhances performance on easy tasks but impairs performance on difficult tasks |
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Definition
| a theory holding that the mere presence of others is sufficient to produce social facilitation effects |
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Term
| evaluation apprehension theory |
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Definition
| a theory holding that the presence of others will produce social facilitation effects only when those others are seen as potential evaluators |
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Term
| distraction-conflict theory |
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Definition
| a theory holding that the presence of others will produce social facilitation effects only when those others distract from the task and create attentional conflict |
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Definition
| a grou-produced reduction in individual output on easy tasks where partipation is pooled |
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| the theory that individuals wil exert effort on a collective task to a degree that they think their individual effort will be important, relevant, and meaningful for achieving outcomes they value (Karau & Williams) |
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Definition
| the loss of a person's sense of individuality and the reduction of normal constraints against deviant behavior |
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Definition
| the exaggeration through group discussion of initial tendencies in the thinking of group members |
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Definition
| a group decision-making style characterized by an excessive tendency among group members to seek concurrence |
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Definition
| the reduction in group performance due to obstacles created by group processes, such as problems of coordination and motivation |
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Definition
| a technique that attempts to increase the production of creative ideas by encouraging group members to speak freely without criticizing their own or others' contributions |
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Definition
| the condition in which comitments to a failing course of action are increased to justify investments already made |
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Definition
| a shared system for remembering information that enables multiple people to remember information together more eficiently than they would alone; subject to process loss |
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Definition
| a situation in which a self-interest choice by everyone creates the worst outcome for everyone |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of dilemma in which one part must make either cooperative or competitive moves in relation to another party; typically designed in such a way that competitive moves are more beneficial to either side, but if both sides make competitive moves, they are worse off than if they both cooperated |
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Term
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Definition
| social dilemmas concerning how two or more people share a limited resource; two types: commons and public goods |
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Term
| graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension-reduction (GRIT) |
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Definition
| a strategy for unilateral, persistent efforts to establish trust and cooperation between opposing parties |
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Term
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Definition
| a negotiated resolution to a conflict in which all parties obtain outcomes that are superior to what they would have obtained from equal division of the contested resources |
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