Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Social Psych Midterm
Loyola University Chicago
44
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
10/14/2009

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Fundamental Attribution Error
Definition
the tendency to over-attribute one's actions to their disposition and under-attribute situation.
Term
Confound
Definition
hidden variable that may affect results in experiments.
Term
Internal Validity
Definition
ability to rule out confounds.
Term
Factorial Design
Definition
# cells determined by # of IV's levels.
Term
Social Perception
Definition
an active cognitive process or set of processes through which we know, understand, and judge others.
Term
6 basic emotions
Definition
happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, digust
Term
Cognitive Tuning Model
Definition
person #1's facial expressions can change the way person #2 listens to them

serious/neutral=systematic
happy=heuristic
Term
Attribution
Definition
the process by which the perciever infers the cause of the target person's behavior
Term
Kelley's ANOVA model
Definition
normative model used to make an attribution the perciever compares observed behavior to:

1.other actors (consensus)
2.other situations (consistency)
3.other stimuli (distinctiveness)
Term
Gilbert 3-stage Model
Definition
1. categorize behavior (automatic)
2. make dispositional inference (automatic)
3. correct for situation if one possessed the cognitive resources

(e.g. anxiety of woman in conversation sex/vaction)
Term
Actor-Observer Bias Effect
Definition
behavior of self=attribute it to situation

behavior of others=attribute to disposition
Term
Self-serving bias
Definition
positive situation-attribute to disposition

negative situation=attribute to situation
Term
depressive-realism hypothesis
Definition
depressed people are more realistic, do not have tendency to protect self-esteem like others.
Term
attribution and just world hypothesis
Definition
blame the victim to avoid thinking that the world is not fair.
Term
impression formation
Definition
perciever cobines specific info abour target person to derive a summary impression or judgement
Term
Soloman Asch's Primacy Effect
Definition
people tend to give first impressions a lot of weight in their impression formation
Term
Soloman Asch's Gestault Model
Definition
Summary impression is NOT a sum of its parts. you CANNOT view each attribute in isolation, it depends on context.

(e.g. competent, skillful, motivated teacher vs. competent, skillful, motivated child molester)
Term
Anderson's Weighted Average Model
Definition
impression of the whole is a weighted average of its parts. subjective not objective
Term
On-Line Model of Impression Formation
Definition
speed dating for example: keeping a running tally, judging and re-judging.
Term
Memory-Based Model of Impression Formation
Definition
if you're focused on something else you have to think more to make a judgment at the time of retrieval rather than during the actual time of receiving info.
Term
7 Stages of Social Formation Processing
Definition
1. exposure/attention to stimulous
2. comprehension
3. encode and interpret, make attribution
4. represent-point of judgment
5. retrieve
6. combine/integrate to form subjective impression or judgment
7. behavioral response

many of these steps are selective or biased.
Term
Schema
Definition
representation in long term memory of some person or event

object schemas and event schemas
Term
Person Schema
Definition
representation of a person. summary of past, but also expectation for future.
Term
Role Schema
Definition
representation of a role or position

e.g. lawyer
Term
Stereotype
Definition
representation of a particular GROUP
Term
Specific Event Schema
Definition
sequence of events that already occured
Term
Prototypic Event Schema
Definition
AKA script. average of an event
Term
Perseverance Effect
Definition
persistence of belief in schema that has already been discredited
Term
Schema and Judgmental Accuracy
Definition
Inaccurate because:
1. stereotype just completely wrong
2. stereotype exaggerates facts
3. people are not heterogeneous
Term
Heuristic
Definition
cognitive shortcut
Term
Cognitive Load
Definition
motivation and ability when it comes to using schemas and heuristics
Term
Representativeness Heuristic
Definition
AKA similarity heuristic

when someone misinterprets likliness of something based on its similarity to something else

e.g. probability of Mary being a librarian
Term
Availability heuristic
Definition
belief that something occurs more often than it really does because of frequency one hears about it.

e.g. % of violent deaths
Term
Negativity Bias
Definition
we may give negative/undesirable info more weight
Term
Automatic Processing
Definition
e.g. old people study. words. walked slower if like old people, faster if they didn't
Term
Selective Encoding (Bower)
Definition
point of experience mediates affect
Term
Selective Retrieval (Isen)
Definition
mall intercept study, asked how they felt about a product, it was congruent with their mood
Term
Biased Elaboration/Interp.
Definition
Ambiguous information is judged as + or - based on affect
Term
Affect as Information Hypothesis (Schwarz and Clore)
Definition
people think their feelings are representative of attitude toward the object, but really they at affected by an outside force (weather, money, candy bar) can be eliminated by pointing out the outside force before asking about their attitude.
Term
Yale Framework of Persuasion
Definition
WHO says WHAT to WHOM?

must consider the source credibility
must consider message strength
must consider recipient's cognition
Term
Attitude-Behavior Relation (Fishbein)
Definition
people have attitude toward objects which are different from their attitudes toward behaviors.

(e.g. attitude toward porsche vs buying a porsche)
Term
Theory of Reasoned Action
Definition
when making a behavioral decision must consider attitude toward behavior and must also consider subjective norms. behavior intention will usually be same as behavior.

(e.g. stopping for red light in desert)
Term
Self-Perception Theory (Bem)
Definition
we have no attitudes, we just judge based on collection of most recent behaviors on-the-spot
Term
Shifting Standards Effect (Biernat)
Definition
rating of a group member is shifted away from that of group.

(Jane is not tall, but tall for a WOMAN)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!