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| The scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another. |
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| An integration of biological and social perspectives that explores the neural and psychological bases of social and emotional behaviors. |
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| The enduring behaviors, idea, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. |
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| Socially shared beliefs--widely held ideas and values, including our assumptions and cultural ideologies. Our social representations help us make sense of our world. |
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| The tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one's ability to have foreseen how something turned out. Also known as the "I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon". |
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| An integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events. |
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| A testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events. |
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| Research done in natural, real-life settings outside the laboratory. |
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| The study of the naturally occurring relationships among variables. |
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| Studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors (independent variables) while controlling others (holding them constant). |
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| Survey procedure in which every person in the population being studies has an equal chance of inclusion. |
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| The way a question or an issue is posed; framing can influence people's decisions and expressed opinions. |
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| The experimental factor that a researcher manipulates. |
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| The variable being measured, so called because it may depend on manipulations of the independent variable. |
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| The process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all persons have the same chance of being in a given condition. (Note the distinction between random assignment in experiments and random sampling in surveys. Random assignment helps us infer cause and effect. Random sampling helps us generalize to a population.) |
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| Degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations. |
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| Degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its participants. |
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| In research, an effect by which participants are misinformed or misled about the study's methods and purposes. |
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| Cues in an experiment that tell the participant what behavior is expected. |
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| An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate. |
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| In social psychology, the postexperimental explanation of a study to its participants. Debriefing usually discloses any deception and often queries participants regarding their understandings and feelings. |
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