Where professional give technical advice, but are aware that the client may also confront negative policy-related consequences.

ex. of those who are not politally sensitive:

1) Doctors who prescribe diets or medications that pts. can not afford.

2) Lawyers who get divorces for their clients with no thought to the economic hardship the client is likely to experience

Involve skills such as mediation and conflict mngmt.

Proffessionals should use brokerage, liason, and advocay services for specific clients.

The negotiation of services for specific clients with other institutions and persons.

ex. a teach may broker an agreement with a welfare office to get resources for a child with syslexia.

Connects clients to related services

ex. when a battered woman comes to a lawyer for divorce services, the lawyer may need to help her get access to a shelter

How can you change policy

1. Develope and work in coalitions
2. using power
3. develop tactics
4. lobbying
5. engaging in political proposals
6. reforming operating programs
7. Using persuading techniques
8. conducting policy-related research

1. Get on the mailing list of anadvocacy organization
2. join a coalition
3. Invite a speaker to educate your organization
4. Know your non-profit advocacy rights

A moral imperative to enhance clients' wellbeing

ex. proffessional are morrally obligated to select interventisons, diagnostic tests, and treatments that will most enhance their clients' well-being.

Policy Sensitive Activities

• some problems reflect situational and enviornmental presures
• some problems are functional adaptations to oppressive realities
• survival skills are often as important to peopl as intrapsychic interventions
• some people need help becoming more assertive
• empowerment or learning skills that will counter oppressive realities is as important as puely intrasyschic interventions.

Policy-Related Activities

• Often will ned to negotiate service arrangements between clients and family mmembers or institutions such as schools, welfare depts, child welfare depts, and clinics
• Often willneed to connect persons to other persons, network, or intitutions
• Often must be personal advocates for clients or must empower clients to become their own advocates (case advocates

The practice that aims to help relatively powerless groups improve thier resources and opportunities-such as women, children, poor peoople, African Americans, Asian Americans, Latinos, gay men and women, and people with disabilities.

• Crowded Field
• Divergent interests,values and ideology
• Different beliefs about whether a specific policy is or will be effective in addressing a specific social problem

People support or oppose policies because they believe they impinge on their fundamental values.

ex. conservatives prioritize values such as freedom, localism in social policy, and individualism. 

Policy Practice

Efforts to Change Policies in legislative, agency and community settings, by establishing new policies, improving existing ones, or defeating the poicy initiatives of other people.

*with social work, policy practice is usually policy advocacy.

1. Promote social justice, fairness, self-determination, and confidence.
2. Promote well-being of clients, consurmers, etc. by shaping the human serv. system to conform to latest findings of social science and med. research
3. Creat effective oppostion to groups and citizens that run counter to the code of ethics, and to the well beign of clients, etc, and to put pressure on decision makers to approve and retain policies that advance citizens' well-being
4. To change the composition of government so that legislators and decision makers are more likely to advance values such as social justice, fairness, self-determination, and confidence.

1. Why should SW in direct service include policy sensitive and policy related activies.
2. Why S.W. should also engage directly in policy advocacy.

A form of ethical reasoning that criticize reliance on ethical principles on the grounds that people often differ on the definitions or weigting of principles.

ex. the priciples of autonomy (or self-determination) and not killing, conflict, so ethical resolution is difficult

1. Some considerations drawn from Deontologists
2. Some considerations drawn from Utilitarians
3. Some considerations drawn from Relativists
4. Practical Considerations