(Hermaphroditism)

A condition cause by irregularities in the process of chromosome formation or fetal diffrentiation that produce persons with mixed biological sex charateristics.

• Schools are forbidden by law to discriminate based on gender.
• Forbids gender discrimination in any educational institution receiveing federal funds.
• Title IX prohibits colleges and universities from receiving federal funds if they discriminate against women in any program, including athletics. 

Refers to practices that single out some group for different and unequal treatment.

Sexual harassment: Sociologists see such behaviors as ways for men to protect their advantages in the labor force.

Argue that there is a primary and secondary market. 

• Primary can move up in jobs, most often men.
• Secondary less valued less stable, women and minorities work.

Extreme segregation and exclusion of women from 

public life.

Explains gender differences in wages as resulting from the individual characteristics that workers bring to jobs.

Assumes that the economic system is fair and competitive and that wage discrepancies reflect differences in the resources that individuals bring to their jobs.

Functionalist perspective: Woimen have less resources so should be paid less.

Refers to advocating for a more just society for women.

• Not a single way of thinking or acting

Refers to analyses that seek to understand the position of women in society for the explicit purpose of improving their position in it. 

Looks at gender inequality taking into account women's history and place in society.

Argues that inequality for women originates in traditions of the past that pose barriers to womens advancement.

It emphasizes individual rights and equal opportunity as the basis for social justice and reform.

 interprets patriarchy as the primary cause of womens oppression.

The origins of womens oppression lie in mens control over womens bodies; thus, they see violence against women „in the form of rape, sexual harassment, domestic violence, and sexual abuse„as mechanisms that men use to assert their power in society. 

interprets the origins of women's oppression in the system of capitalism.

Because women constitute a cheap supply of labor, they are exploited by capitalism in much the same way that the working class is exploited. 

In the view of socialist feminists, capitalism interacts with patriarchy to make women less powerful, both as women and as laborers.

Invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from advancing into upper managment.

• not a lot of women in higher positions % wise.

Women in mail-dominated occupations encounter a hidden barrier hindering them on their way to the top while men in female-dominated occupations make their way smoothly to the top.

• Men on the glass escalator are often thrust into leadership/executive roles just because they are men in female-dominant professions.

Symbolic Interaction

It represents an effort to study the methods in and through which members concertedly produce and assemble the features of everyday life in any actual, concrete, and not hypothetical or theoretically depicted setting 

• You actually study in the field. Study actual context