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| A large topic within social psychology concerned with understanding how we think about ourselves and other people and how the processes involved impact upon our judgments and behavior in social contexts |
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| a process that occurs without intention, effort or awareness and does not interfere with other concurrent cognitive processes |
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| a process that is intentional, under the individual's volitional control, effortful and entailing conscious awareness. |
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| a cognitive structure or mental representation comprising pre-digested information or knowledge about objects or people from specific categories, our expectancies about objects or groups, what defines them. |
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| a weel-used, non-optimal rule of thunb used to arrive at a judgment that is effective in many but not all cases; stereotypes are often said to function as heuristics |
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| A cognitive structure that contains our knowledge, beliefs and expectancies about some human social group |
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| The tendency to group objects (including people) into discrete groups based upon shared characteristics common to them |
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| Activating one stimulus (e.g. bird) facilitates the subsequent processing of another related stimulus (e.g. wing, feather) |
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| The extent to which information is easily located and retrieved |
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| Cognitive measure of how quickly people classify stimuli as real words or nonsense words; quicker responses to certain word categories indicate increased accessibility |
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| the way in which we translate what we see into a digestible format to be stored in the mind |
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| Representativeness heuristic |
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| A mental shortcut whereby instances are assigned to categories on the basis of how similar they are to the category in your general |
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| Information that gives us an idea about how frequent certain categories are in the general population |
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| A cognitive shortcut that allows us to draw upon information about how quickly information comes to mind about a particular event, to deduce the frequency or likelihood of that event |
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| Anchoring/adjustment heuristic |
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| A cognitive heuristic that makes us place weight upon initial standards/schemas (anchors) and as a result means we may not always adjust sufficiently far from these anchors to provied accurate judgements |
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| A view of people as being often limited in processing capacity and apt to take shortcuts where possible to make life simple |
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| A positively valued behavioral end-state that encompasses the purposeful drive/motivation to engage in a behavior/action/judgement |
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| The process whereby a goal that enables people to regulate responses (e.g. to overcome stereotyping) is engaged without conscious awareness |
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| Where an outcome is conditional upon a specific goal being in place (e.g. goaldependent automatic stereotype activation) |
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| Individuating information |
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| Information about a person's personal characteristics (not normally derived from a particular category membership) |
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| Continuum model of impression formation |
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| Views impression formation as a process going from category-based evaluations at one end of the continuum to individuated responses at the other, dependent on the interplay of motivational and attentional factors |
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| A motivational objective in which participants believe they will later meet a target and work together on a jointly judged task; shown to lead to less stereotypical target impressions |
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| A processing goal whereby perceivers believe they will have to justify their responses to a third party and be held responsible for their impressions; this typically leads to less stereotypical impressions |
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| A simple reaction-time task that assesses attention left over from performing the primary task; does not take away attention from the primary task (i.e. is not resource-depleting) |
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| Proposes that two different processes can occur independently and that one does not inevtiably follow from the other (e.g. Devine's proposed dissociation between automatic and controlled processes in stereotyping) |
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| The act of trying to prevent an activated stereotype from impacting upon one's judgements about a person from a stereotyped group |
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| Where suppression attempts fail; used here to demonstrate how a suppressed stereotype returns to have an even greater impact upon one' judgements about a person from a stereotyped group |
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