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soc. final exam
chapters 15-22
37
Sociology
Not Applicable
11/06/2005

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Term
power
Definition
the ability to carry out your will, even over the resistance of others
Term
micropolitics
Definition
the exercise of poweri n everyday life, such as deciding who is going to do the housework or control the TV remote
Term
macropolitics
Definition
the exercise of large-scale power, the government being the most common example
Term
authority
Definition
power that people consider legitimate, as rightly exercised over them; also called legitimate power
Term
coercion
Definition
power that people do no accept as rightly exercised over them; also called illegitimate power
Term
state
Definition
a political entity that claims monopoly on the use of violence in some particular territory; commonly known as a country
Term
revolution
Definition
armed resistance designed to overthrow and replace a government
Term
traditional authority
Definition
authority based on custom
Term
rational-legal authority
Definition
authority based on law or written rules and regulationsl also called bureaucratic authority
Term
charismatic authority
Definition
authority based on an individual's outstanding traits, which attract followers
Term
routinization of charisma
Definition
the transfer of authority from a charismastic figure to either a traditional or a rational-legal form of authority
Term
city-state
Definition
an independent city whose power radiates outward, bringing the adjacent area under its rule
Term
monarchy
Definition
a form of government headed by a king or queen
Term
democracy
Definition
a system of government in which authority derives from the people; the tern comes from two Greek words that translate literally as "power to the people"
Term
direct democracy
Definition
a form of democracy in which the eligible voters meet together to discuss issues and make their decisions
Term
representative democracy
Definition
a form of democracy in which voters elect representatives to govern and make decisions on their behalf
Term
citizenship
Definition
the concept that birth (and residence) in a country impart basic rights
Term
universal citizenship
Definition
the idea that everyone has the same bsaic rights by virtue of being born in a country (or by immigrating and becoming a naturalized citizen
Term
dictatorship
Definition
a form of government in which power has been seized by an individual
Term
oligarchy
Definition
a form of government in which power is held by a small group of indivivuals; the rule of the many by the few
Term
totalitarianism
Definition
a form of government that exerts almost total control over people
Term
proportional representation
Definition
an electoral system in which seats ina lefislature are divided according to the proportion of votes each political party recieves
Term
noncentrist party
Definition
a political party that represents marginal ideas
Term
centrist party
Definition
a political party that represents the center of political opinion
Term
coalition governement
Definition
a government in which a country's largest party aligns itself with one or more smaller parties
Term
voter apathy
Definition
indifference and inaction on the part of individuals or groups with respect to the political process
Term
special-interest group
Definition
a group of people who support a particular issue and who can be mobilized for political action
Term
lobbyists
Definition
people who influence legislation on behalf of their clients
Term
political action committee (PAC)
Definition
an organization formed by one or more special-interst groups to solicit and spend funds for the prupose of influencing legislation
Term
anarchy
Definition
a condition of lawlessness or political disorder caused by the absence or collapse of governmental authority
Term
pluralism
Definition
the diffusion of power among many interest groups that prevents any single group from gaining control of the government
Term
checks and balances
Definition
the separation of poweres among the three branches of U.S. government-lefislative, executive, and judical-so that each is able to nulligy the actions of the other two, thus preventing the domination of any single branch
Term
power elite
Definition
C. Wright Mills' term for the top people in U.S. corporations, military, and politics who make the nation's major decisions
Term
ruling class
Definition
another term for the pwer elite
Term
war
Definition
armed conflict betweennations or politically distinct groups
Term
dehumanization
Definition
the act or process of reducing people to objects that do not deserve the treatment accorded humans
Term
nationalism
Definition
a strong identity with a nation, accompanied by the desire for that nation to be dominant
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