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| The study of the larger world and our society`s place in it. |
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| The richest nations with the highest overall standards of living. |
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| – The unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern. |
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| – The poorest countries with the lowest overall standards of living. |
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| – A broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole. |
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| – The recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern, |
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| – A close up focus on social interaction in a specific case |
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| – Nations with a standard of living that is about average for the world as a whole. |
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| – A way of understanding based on science. |
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| – A framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of conflict and inequality that generates conflict and change. |
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| – Any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society, |
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| – The consequence of any social pattern for the operation of society as a whole. |
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| – Any relatively stable pattern of social pattern. |
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| – The systematic study of social behavior. |
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| – Exaggerated descriptions applied to every person in some category. |
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| Structural-functional approach |
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| – A framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. |
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| Symbolic-interaction approach |
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| A framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals. |
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| – A basic image of society that guides thinking and research. |
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| – Statement of how and why specific facts are related. |
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| – A research method in which subjects respond to a series of questions and statements either in questionnaire format or in an interview. |
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| – Consistency in measurements |
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| – The study of society that focuses on the meaning people attach to their social world. |
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| – A relationship in which change in on variable (the independent variable) causes change in another (the dependent variable). |
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| - A mental construct that represents some part of the world in a simplified form. |
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| – A relationship in which two (or more) variables change together. |
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| – The study of society that focuses on the need for social change. |
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| – A research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions. |
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| – The personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being male or female. |
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| – The study of society that focuses on the meaning people attach to their social world. |
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| – The procedure for determining the value of a variable in a specific case. |
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| – A research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities. |
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| – A systematic plan for doing research. |
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| – A logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation. |
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| – Actually measuring what you intend to measure. |
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| - A concept whose value changes from case to case. |
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`What could be a more lonely, personal act than taking your own life.
Suicide study – people with fewer social ties are more likely to commit suicide. Such as men (they have more freedom which contributes to social isolation) Protestants, the wealthy (freedom) and the unmarried. |
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| – Troubled by inequality of industrial society, wanted a new discipline of sociology that strived to not just understand society, but to make change towards social justice. Championed the factory workers against the owners. |
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| - Symbolic interaction approach. People usually chose value-relevant research topics, but Weber cautioned once experiment started, researchers should be `value free`. This sets science apart from politics. Concept of `Verstehen`- German word for understanding – not just observe what people do, but why as well. |
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| – Distinguished between manifest and latent functions |
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| – Described sociology as `seeing the general in the particular. |
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| – First female sociologist. Translated the works of Comte from French to English. Documented evils of slavery and argued for laws to protect factory workers and the advance the standing of women. |
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| – Pioneer of woman`s rights. One of the `Famous Five`who petitioned for women to be added to the definition of human in the British North America act – which allowed women the right to vote and be appointed to senate, |
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| – Was awarded first doctorate at Harvard to a black person. Believed sociology should try to solve contemporary problems. Studied black communities, stood up against racial inequality and was a founding member of NAACP. |
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- Coined the term `sociology` in 1838 to describe the way of thinking about understanding society and how is operates.
Favored positivism
3 stage historical development, theological stage, metaphysical stage and scientific stage |
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| – Pointed out that periods of crisis also spark sociological thinking. Eg. The great depression: Many people were out of the job, but rather than placing the blame on themselves they placed the blame on the fallen economy. Thinking sociologically suggests possibilty for change. |
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