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Definition
| positive attitude held by one person toward another person |
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| pool of potential friends and lovers |
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| influences determining who is available |
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Definition
| institutional structures and individual's personal characteristics |
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| how contact is made of the persons who are available |
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Definition
| routine activities, proximity, and familiarity |
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| most begin with this, 38% intro by a third person, 36% class, dorm or work. social networks are important |
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Definition
more likely to develop relationships to those in close proximity; because
1. costs less time and energy
2. influence of social norms (expectation to behave in friendly way) |
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| familiarity aka mere exposure effect |
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Definition
| repeated exposure to the same novel stimulus is sufficient to produce a positive attitude toward something |
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| can produce attraction; increase in liking as a function of freq. of exposure is greater when stimuli is presented subliminally |
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| initial attraction is influenced by |
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Definition
social norms
physical attractiveness
processes of interpersonal exchange |
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| the interaction that occcurs is governed by scripts |
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| norm requiring that friends, lovers, and spouses be similar in age, race, religion and socioecomomic status (all types of social relationships) |
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| high school student interview data showed |
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Definition
| homophilous on IQ, SES, getting drunk, sexual activity, and college plans |
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| "best friends" study of adolescents |
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Definition
| same race and ethnicity, particularly among whites 92, blacks 85 compared to hispanics 51 and asians 48 |
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Definition
| we look for someone who is of approximately the same level of social desirability |
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| exception to matching hypothesis study |
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Definition
| student study, they prefered a more attractive date regardless of their own attractiveness |
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| flirting behavior, female |
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Definition
| nonverbal solicitation behavior, defined as resulting in a man's attention within 15 seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| from an evolutionary analyses of mating, points out that since women make the greater investment in offspring, they are the chooser |
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Definition
| short, direct glances, use more space with their bodily position and movements, used fewer closed-body movements and engaged in more non-reciprocated toucing of other men |
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| attractiveness stereotype |
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Definition
| the belief that "what is beautiful is good" , we assume that an attractive person possesses other desirable qualities |
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| limits to attractiveness stereotype |
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Definition
| meta-analysis found moderate influence on judgements of social competence, how sensitive kind and interesting a person is...especially when other info about the person's competence is available |
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Term
| evolutionary perspective on attractiveness |
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Definition
| we have evolved to mate with healthy offspring who will in turn successfully mate and pass on their genetic code...young, attractive partners |
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Term
| mating preferences, short term vs long term |
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Definition
| short term: choose partner who offers immediate resources...long term: prefer a partner who appears willing and able to provide resources for indefinite future |
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| exchange theory in relationships |
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Definition
| view of each actual or potential relationship of any kind as promising rewards but entailing costs |
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Term
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Definition
| level of outcomes expected based on the average of a person's experience in past relevant relationships...each new one is evaluated as below or above that persons CL (average of past relationships) |
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| comparison level for alternatives (CLalt) |
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Definition
| the lowest level of outcomes a person will accept in light of the available alternatives...varies depending on what the best of available relationships is believed to exist |
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Definition
| an absolute, relatively unchanging standard |
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Definition
| several factors influence: extent to which routine activities provide opportunities to meet people, size of the pool of eligible persons, and one's skills in initiating relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| an event schema in the development of relationships, it specifies: 1. definition of the situation 2. the identities of the social actors involved 3. the range and sequence of permisssible behaviors |
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Definition
| initiation of a relationship often begins with this, it includes an identification display, signal that we believe the other person is a potential partner in a specific kind of relationship |
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Definition
| person who is approached decides if interested (engages in access display) a signal that further interaction is permissible |
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| the permissible next steps, learned by mass media, and American society |
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Definition
| similarity, shared activities, reciprocal liking |
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Term
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Definition
| sharing of beliefs, opinions, likes and dislikes |
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Term
| attraction to a stranger paradigm |
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Definition
| both attitudinal similarity and physical attractiveness influenced liking |
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Term
| reasons that similarity produces liking |
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Definition
desire for cognitive consistency
preference for rewarding experiences |
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Term
| similar attitudes provide |
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Definition
3 kinds of reinforcement
1. positive outcomes
2. validates our own view of the world
3. we expect that they will like us |
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Term
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Definition
| as relationship develops, sharing of tasks or activities was a strong predictor of liking |
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Term
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Definition
| strong positive relationship between liking someone and the perception that the other person will like us in return |
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Term
| growth of relationships, stages of basic relationships |
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Definition
awareness (who is available)
surface contact (who is desirable)
mutuality (liking) |
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Term
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Definition
to moderate to major mutuality
1. self disclosure
2. trust
3. interdependence
all increase |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of revealing personal information about oneself to another person; grows over time in a relationship |
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Term
| reciprocity as a relationship develops |
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Definition
| decreases...study with acquaintance, friend, or a best friend...association was curvilinear. greater disclosure in this order: friends, acquaintances, then best friends |
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Term
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Definition
| believe that person is both honest and benevolent, and that his or her intentions toward us our positive |
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Term
| trust and self-disclosure |
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Definition
| trust scores positively correlated with self disclosure...greater trust of the person greater degree of self disclosure |
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Term
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Definition
| as relationships become increasingly mutual, more dependence on each other for various rewards= strong, frequent and diverse interdependence |
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Term
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Definition
| increasing reliance on one person for gratifications and decreasing reliance on others |
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Term
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Definition
| liking and loving, passionate love and romantic love |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of intense physiological arousal and intense longing for union with another....cognitive, behavioral and emotional factors interact to produce it |
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Term
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Definition
1. love at first sight
2. only one other person for each of us
3. love conquers all
4. our beloved is nearly perfect
5. we should follow our feelings, base on love not rational considerations |
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Term
| history of American acceptance of the romantic love ideal |
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Definition
| gradually, from 1741 to 1865, about the time of the Civil War |
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Term
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Definition
| story (script) about what love should be like, with characters, plot and theme and two central characters that play roles that complement each other |
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Term
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| good relationship involves constant fighting, warriors doing battle fighting for what they believe...battles, it endures because they share the view |
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Term
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Definition
| when you meet someone with whom you can creat a relationship that fits your love story |
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Definition
| suggests that relationships do not develop in a linear manner |
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| dissolution of relationships |
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Definition
unequal outcomes
unequal commitment |
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| overall outcomes valued by |
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Definition
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Definition
| in which the outcomes are equivalent, will be stable vs inequitable, unstable |
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| characteristics closely related to stability |
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Definition
| length and exclusivity of relationship and having engaged in sexual intimacy |
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Term
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Definition
| leads to greater instablilty...less involved partners perceive themselves as more powerful this reflects the "principle of least interest" |
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Term
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Definition
| respond to potentially destructive acts by the parner in a constructive way |
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| unsatisfactory relationships...person has four basic alternatives: |
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Definition
| exit (termination)voice(discussion with partner) loyalty (grin and bear it)neglect (stay in but contribute less) |
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| assessing the costs of breaking up |
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Definition
| barriers: material, symbolic, affectual and availability of alternatives and level of satisfaction BEFORE it became dissatisfying |
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Definition
| lack of social relationships and ties to others |
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Definition
| lack of emotionally intimate relationships...greater self disclosure related with decreased lonliness |
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Term
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Definition
| positive attitude toward an object |
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Term
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Definition
| involves attachment to and caring for another person |
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