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| consists of the totality of our shared language, knowledge, material objects, and behavior. |
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| consists of the structure of relationships within which culture is created and shared. |
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| common practices and beliefs shared by all societies. |
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| the process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture. |
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| results when existing cultural items are combined into a form that did not exist before. |
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| refers to the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives, incuding food, houses, factories, and raw materials. |
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| ways of using material objects and to customs, ideas, expressions, beliefs, knowledge, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication. |
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| cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment. |
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| the period of adjustment when the nonmaterial culture is struggling to adapt to new conditions of the material culture. |
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| is a system of shared symbols; it includes speech, written characters, numerals, symbols, and nonverbal gestures and expressions. |
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| the use of gestures, facial expressions and other visual images to communicate. |
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| collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper. |
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| established standards of behavior maintained by a society. |
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| have been written down and specify strict punishments for violaters. |
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| formal norms enforced by the state. |
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| generally understood but not precisly recorded. |
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| norms deemed higly necessary to the welfare of a society, often because they embody the most cherished principles of a people. |
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| norms governing everyday behavior. |
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| penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm. |
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| the set of cultural beliefs and practices the legitimate existing powerful social, economic, and political interest. |
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| segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folways and values that differs from the pattern of the larger society. |
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| specialized language that distinguishes it from the wider society. |
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| when a subculture conspicously and deliberatly opposes certain aspects of the larger culture. |
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| the tendency to assume that ones own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. |
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| viewing peoples behavior from the perspective of their own culture. |
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| the life long process through which people learn the attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate for member of a particular culture. |
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| a distinct identity that sets us apart from others. |
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| to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions. |
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| individuals who are most important in the development of the self. |
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| gestures, objects, and words that form the basis of human communication. |
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| the process of mentally assuming the perspective of another and responding from that imagined viewpoint. |
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| attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations |
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| studies interaction as if we were all actors on a stage. |
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| altering the presentation of the self. |
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| expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activites of males and females. |
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| symbolic represntations of significant transitions that serve as a means of dramatizing and validating changes in a person's status. |
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| anticipatory socialization |
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| processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, andsocial relationships. |
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| the process of discarding old behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a life transitions. |
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| the ways in which people respond to one another, whether face-to-face, over the telephone, or on the computer. |
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| a series of predictable relationships composed of various positionsthat people occupy. |
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| any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society, from the lowest to the highest. |
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| a social position that is within our power to change. |
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| a status that dominates others and thereby determines a persons general position in society. |
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| set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status. |
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| incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person. |
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| any number of people with similar norms,values, and expectations who interact with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis. |
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| a series of social relationshipsthat links individuals directly to others, and through them indirectly to still more people. |
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| an organized pattern of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs. |
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| the process by which a group, organization, or social movement increasingly relies on technical-rational decision making in the pursuit of efficiency. |
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| the process by which the principles of efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control shape organization and decision making in the U.S. and around the world. |
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| a behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society. |
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| durkheims theory of deviance |
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| he argued that there is nothing inherently deviant or criminal in any act; the key is how society responds to the act. |
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| social position assigned to a personby society without regard for his unique talents or characteristics. |
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| he has been aptly described as both revolutionary and a social scientist. |
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