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| A term used to characterize audience members as active participants in "reading" or constructing the meaning of the media they consume (page 397) |
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| Theory that the mass media can set the public agenda by selecting certain news stories and excluding others, thus influencing what audiences think about (page 397) |
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| Antitrust legislation laws |
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| Designed to maintain competition in the marketplace by prohibiting monopolies, price fixing, or other forms of collusion among businesses (page 392) |
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| Those organizations, institutions, and interactions outside government, family, and work that promote social bonds and the smooth functioning of society (page 405) |
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| The process by which it becomes possible to buy and sell a particular good or service (page 385) |
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| A political and moral philosophy focused on strengthening civil society and communal bonds (page 401) |
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| The process by which the number of companies producing and distributing a particular commodity decreases, often through mergers and conglomeration (page 390) |
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| The process by which a single corporation acquires ownership of a variety of otherwise unrelated businesses (page 390) |
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| The utilization of goods and services, either for personal use or in manufacturing (page 387) |
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| Reduction or removal of government controls from an industry to allow for a free and efficient marketplace (page 392) |
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| A term describing any activity or product that attempts to minimize its environmental impact (page 407) |
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| Foreign travel with the goal of minimizing the environmental consequences of tourism as well as its possible negative effects on local cultures and economies, typically involves people from highly industrialized nations traveling to less developed countries (page 407) |
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| A theory on media that combines models that privilege the media producer and models that view the audience as the primary source of meaning; this theory recognizes that media texts are created to deliver specific messages and that individuals actively interpret them (page 397) |
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| The media is considered like a fourth branch of government (after the executive, legislative, and judiciary) and thus serves as another of the checks and balances on power (page 390) |
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Definition
| Those forms of cultural expression usually associated with the elite or dominant classes (page 394) |
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| Hypodermic needle theory (magic bullet theory) |
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Definition
| A theory that explains the effects of media as if their contents simply entered directly into the consumer, who is powerless to resist their influence (page 396) |
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| the customs, practices, and values expressed in a particular place by the people who interact there (page 405) |
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| A group of people dedicated to the consumption and interpretation of a particular cultural product and who create a collective, social meaning for the product (page 400) |
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| The ideas and frameworks that audience members bring to bear on a particular media text to understand its meaning (page 397) |
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| A period of time that can be spent relaxing, engaging in recreation, or otherwise indulging in freely chosen activities (page 384) |
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| Groups of people drawn together by shared interests, especially those relating to hobbies, sports, and media (page 401) |
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| The legal combination of two companies, usually in order to maximize efficiency and profits by eliminating redundant infrastructure and personnel (page 390) |
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| A situation in which there is only one individual or organization, without competitors, providing a particular good or service (page 392) |
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| Having many possible meanings or interpretations (page 396) |
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| Usually contrasted with the high culture of elite groups; forms of cultural expression usually associated with the masses, consumer goods, and commercial products (page 394) |
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| Any satisfying, amusing, and stimulating activity that is experienced as refreshing and renewing for body, mind, and spirit (page 384) |
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| Theory that suggests that audiences seek messages in the media that reinforce their existing attitudes and beliefs and are thus not influenced by challenging or contradictory information (page 397) |
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| An individual who serves as an example for others to strive toward and emulate (page 400) |
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| A mutually beneficial interaction between parts of an organization that allows it to create something greater than the sum of its individual outputs (page 390) |
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| Areas of culture that share similar aesthetics and standards of taste (page 396) |
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| Groups of people who share similar artistic, literary, media, recreational, and intellectual interests (page 396) |
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| Henry Jenkins's term describing the ways that audience members manipulate an original cultural product to create a new one; a common way for fans to exert some control over the media they consume (page 400) |
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| Any informal public place where people come together regularly for conversation and camaraderie when not at work or at home (page 404) |
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| Theory on media effects that suggests audiences get information through opinion leaders who influence their attitudes and beliefs, rather than through direct firsthand sources (page 397) |
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| Uses and gratifications paradigm |
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Definition
| Approaches to understanding media effects that focus on individuals' psychological or social needs that consumption of various media fulfills (page 397) |
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