Term
 Acne |
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Definition
| Bacterial inflammation of sebaceous glands causing an over production of cells within hair follicle mostly at puberty beacuase of male hormones, most common on face and neck, no long term scarring. Antibiotics and diet can help relieve symptoms |
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Term
 boils,carbuncles |
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Definition
| bacterial (staphylococcus) inflammation of hair follicle and sebaceous glands - Common on dorsal neck near hairline, medical attention is always required to prevent spread of infections |
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Term
 impetigo |
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Definition
| highly infectious staphylococcus infection with raised pink, puss filled lesions around mouth and nose in children - develop yellow crust then ruptures. Transmitted by direct contact and entering through breaks in skin |
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Term
 alopecia |
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Definition
| loss of hair. baldness from environmental, radiation, male pattern hereditary with testosterone |
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Term
 albinism |
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Definition
| inability of melanocytes to synthesize melanin - skin-pink, hair-white, iris in eye pinkish, double recessive from both parents |
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Term
 *seborhretic dermatitis |
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Definition
| dry,yellow-red scaling of scalp called dandruff, mostly on scalp - stress, climate, heredity contributing factors, controlled by tar based shampoos. |
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Term
 psoriasis |
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Definition
| chronic condition of increased cell division in stratum basale resulting in raised red epidermal lesions covered by dry and silvery scales - caused by physchological trauma, infection, hormones,stress in susceptible individuals. Various drugs and treatment keeps it under control, but its never really cured. |
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Term
 Vitiligo |
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Definition
| loss or uneven pigment distribution of melanin -very prominent with black individuals, might be an autoimmune diseases?? Micheal Jackson claims to have this |
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Term
 Nevus/Mole |
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Definition
| Yellow-brown to black - pigmented skin, with nice, usually with very defined borders, concentrated melaocytes, mostly congenial, average:20 per individual, not usually malignant |
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Term
 Urticaria |
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Definition
| Hives, small red pustules with liquid, caused by food, drinks, insect bites, resulting in an allergic reactions, very itchy, Usually treated with baths of oat grains and/or steroidal creams |
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Term
 sunburn |
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Definition
| acute,prolonged exposure to SUN (U.V._- loss of DNA/RNA synthesis - wrinkles with damaged collagen, resulting in sagging skin - damage to collagen fibers ,aging of skin , skin cancer |
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Term
 Keloid |
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Definition
| formation of harden scar tissue at the site of a severe injury, shiny smooth, dome-shaped located under epidermis. some formed by surgery trauma. |
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Term
 contact Dermatitis |
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Definition
| chemicals exposed to skin surface provoke allergic reaction of itching, swelling, blistering. treated by removing chemical from environment |
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Term
eczema |
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Definition
| causes unknown or linked with chronic poor circulation or stress resulting in a reddish, itchy skin anywhere on the body. some steroidal creams keep it under control, but never really cured. |
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Term
 decubitus ulcer |
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Definition
| bed sore - physical breakdown of skin with blood supply over bony prominences, heal buttocks common spots with compression of tissues with intense pressure, usually from bed mattresses, treatment with moving the patient |
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Term
 burns |
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Definition
| skin damaged by heat,chemical, electrical, radioactive. - destroys protective functions of skin, losses of h2o, plasma,proteins, no heat regulation, microbial invasion. |
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Term
 first degree burn |
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Definition
| destruction surface epithelium - mild pain, redness - edema - heals in about a week |
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Term
 second degree burn |
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Definition
| involves entire epidermis - some dermis damaged resulting in edema and pain, heal in 7-10 days only mild scarring, no damage to hair follicle, sweat glands, with infections-scarring will result, hair follicles and sweat glands can initiate new growth of skin |
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Term
 Third degree burn |
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Definition
| destruction of both epidermis, dermis, resulting in no skin function and edema = skin color white to mahogany - very painful, increased scarring, dead skin removed with water soaking. Use of cadaver skin and/or skin from patient that is perforated to stretch provides temporary protection. |
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Term
 comedo |
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Definition
| sebaceous material;. dead cells clogging sebaceous gland pore - commonly called "black heads" can become infected with bacteria develop into boil-like lesion. |
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Term
 skin cancer |
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Definition
| result of excessive sun exposure over time. common in southern California and Austria. Treatment of all skin cancers-cryosurgery, surgery, chemicals-aldera and FU creams, prevention with sunscreens that blocks both UVA and UVB radiation, stay out of sun particularly around noon. |
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Term
Basal cell carcinoma |
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Definition
| arise in epidermis-stratum - mostly non-malignant - 75% of skin caners, shiny nodules - with Peary edges, most common in sunny regions of the world. Not usually malignant |
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Term
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Definition
| Arise in epidermises above cells of stratum basale - ulcer develops in the center, not as common as BCC - scalp, ears, back of hands, some from pre-existing lesions, some slightly malignant if left untreated. |
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Term
 *Malignant Melanoma |
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Definition
| Arise from melanocytes - very faster metastasizing, 3% of all skin cancers. Diagnosis of moles with the following: A-Symmetry, B-border, c-color. d- dimensions. if metastasizing can be mostly fatal. |
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Term
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Definition
| thickening of stratum corneum - sometimes painful like callous, hand and feet most common, poor fitting shoes, occupational overuse, sports |
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Term
Erthema |
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Definition
| redness from capillary engorgement caused by injury, infection, inflammation, seen in the nose with alcoholism |
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Term
 Athlete's foot |
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Definition
| fungal infection of stratum corneum-infects mostly feet |
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Term
 ringworm |
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Definition
| tinea fungus- dry scaly lesions in a ring, scalp, inner thigh, nails foot. can cause jock itch. can be very difficult to get rid of |
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Term
 chicken pox (herpes varicelia) |
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Definition
| causing red, fluid filled molecules that become dry and crusty, somewhat contagious, not known how it spreads, can be found everywhere on the body, most common on face and chest of younger children, but can affect adolescents and adults |
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Term
 cold sores (herpes simplex virus) |
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Definition
| small fluid filled blisters around lips and oral mucus membranes - aggravated by stress, fever,. U.V. exposure- "fever blister" - some on genitals, spread by oral, respiratory genital contacts. |
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Term
 warts |
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Definition
| uncontrolled growth of epithelial cells by viral infection, most non-cancerous. Most are benign- spread by scratching, or contaminated instruments. removed my scalpel and liquid nitrogen |
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Term
 shingles - (herpes zoster) |
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Definition
| lesion on trunk or face - increase main - live on spinal sensory nerves of thorax, usually in later years above 50. maybe a re-infection of chicken pox virus. there is a vaccination for this. |
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Term
 Rubeola (common measles) |
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Definition
| very contagious childhood illness that consist of red pustules that can itch, there is a vaccination, it can develop into viral pneumonia that can invade the brain, usually left untreated and the virus "dies" |
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Term
 rubella (German measles) |
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Definition
| in childhood mostly mild symptoms, but can passed to fetus in pregnancy that can cause deafness, cataracts, heart defects mental retardation, or death |
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Term
 scabies |
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Definition
| lays eggs inside skin - intense itching and irritation, especially in public region, from sexual activity or infected bedding. washing with a special soap usually resolves this infections |
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Term
 prediculosis (lice) |
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Definition
| feed on dead surface skin - increase itching and irritation - mostly spread by sexual activity - frequently shampooing will eventually get rid of these special "lice" |
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Term
 insect vectors |
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Definition
| fleas causing plague, mosquitoes causing malaria, encephalitis, and yellow fever. public sanitation can eliminate or decrease the spread of these diseases in a region. |
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