Term
| What are the comp. of the dermis? |
|
Definition
blood vessels
nerves
sweat glands
sebaceous glands
hair
nails |
|
|
Term
What smooth muscle cells attach to the base of each hair?
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve ending in the dermis include: |
|
Definition
1. free nerve ending (pain,temp, and mechanical)
2. lamellated corpuscles (pressure)
3. tactile corpusles |
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Term
| Where is the superficial fascia located and what is it composed of? |
|
Definition
- between the dermis and the deep fascia
- composed of superficial, fatty layer and deeper thinner fibrous layer
|
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Term
| What does the superficial and deep fascia contain? |
|
Definition
- superficial blood
- vessels
- lymphatics
- some muscle
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Term
| what are the three types of fascia in the body? |
|
Definition
- superficial fascia
- deep fascia
- subserous fascia
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|
Term
what separates the superficial fascia from the deep fascia? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the lyphoid system? |
|
Definition
- provides drainage of surplus tissue fluid and leaked plasma proteins to the bloodstream
- provides removal of debris from cellular composition and infections
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Term
| What are the comp. of the lymphoid system? |
|
Definition
- lyphatic plexus
- Lymphatic vessels
- lymph
- lymph nodes
- lymphocytes
- thymus
- red bone marrow
- spleen
- tonsils
- lymphatic nodules of alimentary tract and appendix
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Term
| Where are lymphatic vessels not found? |
|
Definition
- bone
- teeth
- bone marrow
- CNS
|
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|
Term
Flow of right lymphatic duct & thoracic duct
What do they drain? |
|
Definition
- Rt. lyp. duct drains lymph from right upper quadrant (right side of head, neck, and thorax plus right upper limb)
- Thoracic duct drains remainder of body
- rt. lymphatic duct---->rt. venous angle (enters at root of neck)
- thracic duct------> left venous angle (enters in the thorax)
|
|
|
Term
| where does the venous angle occur? |
|
Definition
| junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins |
|
|
Term
| what is the cisterna chyli? |
|
Definition
| dilated collecting sac through which the thoracic ducts drains from |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 largest lymphatic vessels? |
|
Definition
right lymphatic duct
thoracic duct |
|
|
Term
| What glands are modified sweat glands and where are they located? |
|
Definition
mammary glands
superficial fascia |
|
|
Term
| what are the comp. of breast? |
|
Definition
- cental region fo glandular tissue
- adipose tissue and connective tissue
|
|
|
Term
| Is the retromammary space deep or superficial to the deep fascia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What anchors breast to the dermis of skin? |
|
Definition
cooper's ligament
(passes from deeper portion of superficial fascia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Arterial Suppy of Mammary Gland |
|
Definition
- lateral thoracic artery & lateral mammary branches
- internal thoracic artery & medial mammary branches
- branches from 2-4 intercostal arteries
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sensory (cutaneous) branches of 2nd-6th thoracic neves (aka intercostal nerves) |
|
|
Term
| Innvervation through breast |
|
Definition
- pass along lateral border of mammary gland
- long thoracic nerves -serratus anterior muscle
- thoracodorsal- latissimus dorsi muscle
- both run on surface of serattus anterior muscle and deep to pectoralis major
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|
Term
| Lymphatic drainage of the Breast |
|
Definition
- subareolar lymphatic plexus---> 75% axillary nodes---->clavicular nodes--->subclavian lymphatic trunk
- subareolar lymphatic plexus--->parastenal nodes or opposite breasts--->bronchomediastinal lymphatic trunk--->rt lymphatic duct & thoracic duct
|
|
|
Term
| What are 75% axillary nodes? |
|
Definition
- pectoral nodes
- subscapular nodes
- central nodes
- apical nodes
|
|
|
Term
| what is the most common site of breast cancer metastasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some locations of metastasis from the breast? |
|
Definition
- supraclavicular nodes
- opposite breast
- abdomen
|
|
|
Term
| where does the posterior intercostal veins drain and who do they communicate with? |
|
Definition
- azygos/hemiazygos systems of veins- along the bodies of vertebrae
- communicate with venous plexus surrounding the spinal cord
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|
|
Term
| What are some ways that breast cancer spreads? |
|
Definition
- venous route to the vertebrae then to cranium and brain
- contiguity (invasion of adjacent tissue)
- invades retromammary space attaches to or invades pectoral fascia overlying pectoral major
- metasize to the interpectoral nodes
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|
|
Term
| What movement is the clinical sign of advanced cancer of the breast? |
|
Definition
| the breast elevates when pectoralis major contracts |
|
|
Term
| What areas does breast cancer in men infiltrate? |
|
Definition
- pectoral fascia
- pectoralis major
- apical lymph nodes in the axila
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