carpals, metacarpals, phalanges(proximal, middle and distal)
Definition
[image]
Term
hip bones:
obeturator foramen
acetabulum
ilium, iliac crest, iliac fossa
greater sciatic notch
pubis
ischium
Definition
[image]
Term
femur:
head
kneck
greater trochanter, lesser trochanter
medial, lateral chondyle
interchondylar fossa
Definition
[image]
Term
tibia:
tuberosity
medial malleous
medial chondyle
lateral chondyle
interchondylar eminence
anterior border/crest
Definition
[image]
Term
fibula:
head,
lateral malleolus
Definition
[image]
Term
ankle, foot and toes
talus
calcaneous
metatarsal
phalanges(proximal, middle, distal)
Definition
[image]
Term
Which of the following are not used interchangeably?
Definition
motor unit- motor neuron
Term
which of the following is not a phase of a muscle twitch?
Definition
shortening phase
Term
where does the acetylcholine that stimulates muscle contraction bind?
Definition
receptors in the motor end plate
Term
When acetylcholine binds to its receptors, it results in
Definition
the end plate potential, a graded depolarization, and a change in ion permeability
Term
In this activity, why did the muscle force decrease over time?
Definition
Muscle fatigue developed.
Term
Which of the following describes how increasing the duration of the rest period affected muscle tension?
Definition
Increasing the duration of the rest period increased the duration of the subsequent maximal tension.
Term
The chemical ion or molecule that is primarily responsible for initiating the contraction of a muscle fiber is
Definition
c. Ca2+
Term
When stimuli were applied to the muscle frequently enough to cause a plateau in the amount of force generated, a state known as ____________ ____________ occurs
Definition
unfused tetanus
Term
Why do children (and adults) receive an immunization (actually several!) called a “tetanus shot”
Definition
To prevent the development of a condition called “lockjaw” that can develop from a specific bacterial infection.
Term
The force that results from muscles being stretched is called
Definition
passive force.
Term
A muscle that is contracting isometrically will fatigue much slower than one that is contracting isotonically.
Definition
True
Term
Definition
Intracellular ADP and inorganic phosphate are decreasing.
Term
When the load to be lifted increases in weight, the latent period _______.
Definition
increases.
Term
The shortest duration of muscle contraction occurs with _______.
Definition
the heaviest load
Term
The velocity of shortening _______.
Definition
decreased as the weight increased and increased as the weight decreased
Term
As the weight increased, the distance the weight was lifted _______.
Definition
decreased until the weight was not moved at all
Term
Which of the following would result in fused or unfused tetanus?
Definition
increasing the stimulus frequency
Term
Which of the following describes the relationship between stimulus frequency and muscle tension?
Definition
When stimulus frequency increases, muscle tension increases to a maximum value.
Term
Treppe is the phenomenon that results in _______.
Definition
a progressive increase in the force generated with repetitive stimulation
Term
When the frequency of stimulation of a muscle is great enough, _______
Definition
wave summation results and muscle twitches overlap.
Term
Why does wave summation occur?
Definition
Muscle fibers are partially contracted when the next stimulus arrives
Term
Which of the following situations delay the development of muscle fatigue the longest?
Definition
Consistent interruptions of muscle stimulation
Term
Which of the following occurs during the latent period of isotonic concentric contraction?
Definition
Muscle tension is produced, and the weight will not move.
Term
The speed of muscle contraction is called the _______.
Definition
shortening velocity
Term
For a weight to be lifted, which of the following must occur?
Definition
An isotonic muscle contraction with a force greater than the load.
Term
lactic acid
Definition
a compound produced from pyruvic acid under anaerobic conditions.
Term
twitch
Definition
a single stimulus-contraction-relaxation cycle in a skeletyal muscle
Term
skeletal muscles are composed of 100s of 1000s of cells called ________.
Definition
fibers
Term
a twitch is______
Definition
one contractile response to a single action potential
Term
an action potential in a motor neuron triggers the release of which neurotransmitter?
Definition
acetylcholine
Term
end plate potential
Definition
the graded depolarization in the skeletal muscle fiber that is elicited in response to one action potential from the motor neuron
Term
In resting skeletal muscle, calcium is stored in the
Definition
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Term
during the latent period for an isometric contraction
Definition
the cellular events involved in excitation-contraction coupling occur.
Term
motor unit recruitment refers to
Definition
an increase in active muscle fibers to increase the force developed in a muscle
Term
active tension results from
Definition
activation of cross bridge cycling via increased intracellular calcium levels
Term
threshold voltage
Definition
the minimal stimulus needed to cause depolarization of the muscle plasma membrane(sarcolemma)
