Term
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Definition
| these are undifferentiated (unspecialized) cells that form mesenchymal tissue that have to become osteoblasts (new bone cells). |
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Term
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Definition
| these are non-mitotic cells that secrete mineral salts and organic components |
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Term
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Definition
| these are non-mitotic. they are derived from osteoblasts. they are isolated in the matrix material (calcified bone). they are responsible for daily tissue operation. |
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Term
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Definition
| these are bone destroying cells. they are found on the bone surfaces and are active in bone resorption. they are specialized phagocytic cells derived from white blood cells (monocytes) and are multinuclear |
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Term
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Definition
| calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, plus, magnesium hydroxide, flouride, and sulfate |
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Term
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Definition
| organic; osteoblasts, matrix, collagenous fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| inorganic; calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate |
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Term
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Definition
| has few large open spaces and is thicker in the diaphysis than the epiphyses |
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Term
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Definition
| these are concentric rings of calcified (hard) intercellular substance |
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Term
| compact bone has a _______ system |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small, hallow spaces that contain osteocytes - these can't produce new bone tissue. but, maintain the mature tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| minute, tiny canals that connect lacuna with the lamellae. they serve to bring nutrition to the bone tissue delivered from the bones' blood supply |
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Term
| the function of compact bone |
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Definition
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Term
| spongy (cancellous or soft) bone tissue |
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Definition
| this tissue has large spaces filled with red marrow which is characteristic of short, flat, and irregular bone |
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Term
| what does spongy tissue have instead of a haversian system? |
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Definition
| a network of thin plates called trabeculae and large open spaces (lacunae) through which vessels nourish the marrow and bone |
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Term
| skull bones have a specialized network of soft tissue called |
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Definition
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Term
| spongy bone is typical of the epiphyses of the ____, _____,____,___,____, and the ___ ____ |
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Definition
| long bones, pelvis, wrist, ankle, scapula, and the skull bones |
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Term
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Definition
| the shaft (long portion) of a bone |
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Term
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Definition
| these are the end of the bone (proximal and distal) |
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Term
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Definition
| this is the area between the epiphysis and the diaphysis = the growth plates of the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the distal and proximal epiphyses. it reduces friction and improves shock absorption of the bone. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| outer layer of the periosteum |
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Definition
| (fibrous layer) contains the blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves |
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Term
| inner layer of the periosteum |
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Definition
| contains elastic fibers, blood vessels, and osteoprogenitor cells = osteogenic layer - osteoblasts and osteoclasts. |
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Term
| medullary ("marrow") cavity |
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Definition
| contains the yellow marrow (in adults) and fat cells for energy storage |
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Term
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Definition
| a thin layer lining the marrow cavity of the diaphysis |
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Term
| at birth you have ___ bones and as an adult you have ___ bones |
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Definition
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Term
| endochondral ossification (hard bone) |
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Definition
1. cartilage model covered by perichondrium
2. a blood vessels enters the diaphysis midway penetrating the perichondrium
3. osteoprogenitor cells enlarge and become osteoblasts
4. perichondrium = periosteum at this point
5. along with blood vessel penetration, a collar is formed.
6. cells of the newly made primary ossification center become more active
7. cartilage cells grow and burst causing an extracellular alkaline ph.
8. ph change causes the placement of mineral salts and hardening occurs
9. hardening stops diffusion of nutrients to cells
10. these cells die
11. the marrow cavity enlarges (as soft bone lessens)
12. additional blood vessels occupy the area
13. osteoblasts (of the inner periosteum) deposit new bone on the inside while other bone on the outside is being resorbed on the inside
14. additional blood vessels reach the epiphyses and form the secondary ossification centers.
15. bone has completely replaced cartilage except at epiphyses
16. growth plate separates epiphyses and diaphysis
17. mitosis of the cartilage cells occurs and new bone forms on the diaphyseal side of the growth plates |
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