Term
| Ch. 9 & 10: Early Childhood (Play Years) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
– Preoperational Stage:
- need visual to learn
– Operations
-can do things in head
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Term
4 obstacles to logical thinking:
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Definition
- Egocentrism–Think only from own perspective
- Focus on appearance
– can’t see whole picture
- Static reasoning
– Think that nothing changes
- irriversibility
– Think nothing can be undone
– Conservation
l changing the property but no the quantity
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Term
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Definition
l Awareness of your own mental processes, and that of others
- develops by age 5
-Can depend on:
– language (bilingual)
– Siblings
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Term
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Definition
l Psychoanalytic
– Freud
l Phallic Stage: 3-6 yrs.
l Oedipus/electra complex
– Children want to replace their same-sex parent
– instead they copy same-sex parent
l Behavioral
– Reinforcement &social learning
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Term
| Baumrind’s Parenting Styles |
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Definition
l Authoritarian
– Clear Rules
– Strict punishment
– Little affection
l Authoritative
– Set limits
– Open communication
– Forgiving & flexible
l Permissive
– Few Demands
– Rarely discipline
– Listen and nurture
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Term
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Definition
l Authoritarian
– obedient
– Guilty, depressed
l Authoritative
– Successful
– Happy
– Generous
l Permissive
– Lack self-control
– Immature
– Dependent
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Term
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Definition
l Physical
– Temporary
– Increases aggressive behaviors
l Psychological Control
– Guilt
– Lower achievement
l Time-out
– One minute per year of age
– Effectiveness depends on child & situation
l Induction
– Conversation
– May not yet understand cause & consequence
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Term
Early Childhood Education
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Definition
Is preschool important?
- only if they are getting the same stimulation as at home
l __Quality_ is what matters
– Low ratios
– Training and continuity of teachers
l Knowladge of development
l positive
l Head Start
– Intervention program
– Government funded
– For low income children
– Positive results
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Term
Social Development: Gender
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Definition
l Gender vs. sex
– Sex: biological
– Gender: social & psycological
l 2 year-olds: gender labels
– Man, woman, boy, girl
l 3 year-olds: gender constancy
– Remains the same through life
l 4 year-olds: gender roles
– expectations of what is appropriate
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Term
Gender Development: Theories
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Definition
l Psychoanalytic
– Freud
l Phallic Stage: 3-6 yrs.
l Oedipus/electra complex
– Children want to replace their same-sex parent
– instead they copy same-sex parent
l Behavioral
– Reinforcement
– social learning
l Sociocultural theory
– Cultures enforce gender distinction
l Cognitive
– Gender schema
– behave to fit their schema
l Epigenetic
– biological differences in brain, hormone
– Environment shapes those genes
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Term
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Definition
l Sociocultural theory
– Cultures enforce gender distinctions
l Cognitive
– Gender schema & behave to fit their schema
l Epigenetic
– biological differences in brain, hormone
– Environment shapes those genes
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