Term
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Definition
pain and discomfort
Pain: burning, squeezing, tightness, pressure
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Term
| location of pain in angina |
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Definition
arm, shoulders, neck, jaw, throat
may feel like "indigestion" |
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Term
| location of pain for angina |
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Definition
| location: in the substernal or pericardial area that radiates to the left arm, neck, jaw or shoulder blade |
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Term
| location, pictorial for angina |
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Definition
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Term
| differentiate between stable and unstable angina |
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Definition
stable: pain is predictable, can be relived by nitrates and rest
unstable: duration is more than 2 miutes. Can lead to MI as it is thought that plaque rupture leads to thrombus in coronary blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease in blood flow to tissues or organs due to constiction of blood vessels |
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Term
| Causes of MI + list at least 5 predisposing factors |
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Definition
prolonged ischemia due to predisposing factors.
Ischemia is the result of occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries
predisposing factors:
use of contraceptives
gender
age
diabetes mellitus
poor diet high in saturated fats, carbs and/or salt
hypertension
obesity
smoking
sedentary lifestyle
stress
use of amphetamines eg. cocaine ...... |
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Term
| General effects of MI on heart |
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Definition
| irreversible cell damage and muscle death |
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Term
| state at least 4 anatomy and physiology changes to heart after MI |
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Definition
reduced contractibility with abnormal wall motion
altered left ventricular compliance
reduced stroke volume
reduced ejection fraction
elevated left venticular end diastolic pressure
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Term
| Describe area of injury after MI |
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Definition
| central area of necrosis or infarction. This is surronded by ischaemic cells. No regeneration as cells are dead. |
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Term
| describe heart compensatory mechanisms which may occur after MI |
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Definition
| scar tissue formation over area(s) of necrosis. |
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Term
| state and describe effects of compensatory heart mechanisms |
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Definition
heart will try to maintain cardiac output (vascular constiction, increase heart rate, renal retention of Na and H2O.
Ventricular dialation may occur.
If alot of scar tissue: contractability may greatly redue = heart failure or cardiogenic shock |
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