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Short
Biology Review for Final
27
Biology
10th Grade
05/11/2010

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Term
photosynthesis
Definition
process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy
Term
autotroph
Definition
organisms that use energy from sun (example: plants)
Term
heterotroph
Definition
organisms that must get energy from food (example: humans)
Term
aerobic respiration
Definition
metabolic process that requires oxygen
Term
anaerobic respiration
Definition
metabolic process that does not require oxygen
Term
glycolisis
Definition
process that breaks down glucose
Term
gamete
Definition
organisms reproductive cells (sperm and egg)
Term
gene
Definition
segment of DNA
Term
centromere
Definition
the point where 2 chromatids attach
Term
homologous chromosomes
Definition
chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content
Term
zygote
Definition
fertilized egg
Term
sex chromosomes
Definition
contain genes that will determine sex of the individual (X and Y)
Term
karyotype
Definition
photo of the chromosomes arranged by size
Term
cell cycle
Definition
repeating squence of cellular growth and division
Term
mitosis
Definition
process during cell division in which the nucleus is divided into 2 nuclei
Term
cytokinesis
Definition
cytoplasm of the cell is divided in half
Term
4 phases of mitosis
Definition
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Term
meiosis
Definition
cell division that halves the number of chromosomes when forming the egg and sperm
Term
crossing over
Definition
portions of a chromosome are broken and exchanged with another chromosome
Term
heredity
Definition
passing of traits from parent to offspring
Term
genetics
Definition
study of heredity
Term
true-breeding
Definition
all of the offspring display only one form of a trait (example: all blue eyes)
Term
allele
Definition
different version of a gene
Term
dominant
Definition
the expressed form of the trait
Term
recessive
Definition
the trait not expressed when the dominant trait is present
Term
homozygous/pure bred
Definition
2 alleles of the gene are the same
Term
heterozygous/hybrid
Definition
2 alleles of a gene are different
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