Home > Flashcards > Anthropology > Sex/Sci/Anthro Inquiry

Details Title: Sex/Sci/Anthro Inquiry Description: EXAM #1 Modules 12-23 Total Flash Cards: 57 Created: 09/30/2007 19:53:58	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term sex-linked gene Definition nonsex determining traits (genes) but whose loci appear on the X or Y chromosomes hemophilia red/green colorblindness Term sex-influenced gene Definition occur on autosomal chromosome and change their behavior according to the sex chromosome carred (according to whether ur male or female) Term sex-limited gene Definition occur on autosomal chromosome but affect sex characteristics ex. alleles responsible for production of facial hari trait/gene appear on one sex or another (suppress trigger on and off) Term biological determination Definition based on somebodys biology their future is determined Term biological determination Definition based on somebodys biology their future is determined Term nucleus Definition brain of cell control center contains genetic material Term homozygote Definition when codes for the production of a protein are the same on homologous chromosomes the individual is called a homozygote for that trait Term heterozygote Definition when codes for hte production of a protein are different on homologous chromosomes the individual is called a heterozygote for that particular trait Term dominant allele Definition alleles that will always potentionally serve as the code for the production of a protein Term recessive allele Definition alleles that will only potentionally serve as the code for production of a protein IF the allele at the same locus on the homologous chromosome is recessive Term locus Definition a location along the chromosome where a gene can be found (theyre homologous bc they share similar loci) Term plato believed: aristotle believed: Definition -we were born with senses right vs wrong -we came to know thigns through our senses and build ideas from that Term scientific hypothesis (scientific theory) Definition testable, correctable, repeatable explanation of an observable or calculated phenomena taht yields new info about nature in order to answer questions Term data: Definition doesnt give answers and can be interpreted in many ways Term analysis Definition of basic data changes because society changes Term bias Definition researchers should be all dif not all white male liberal democrates. Term sex chromosome Definition the 23rd chromosme determining XX female or XY male in females it makes exact copies of itself in males X makes identical copies of itself AND Y makes identical copies of itself Term autosomal chromosome Definition chromosomes taht everybody has in relation to their sex chromosome (chrom. #1-22) Term chromosomes Definition long strands of DNA arranged in a double helix of molecules Term genes Definition small sections of a chromosome which serve as a blueprint for the production of a protein Term alleles Definition genes taht have alternate expressions(dif codes at particular loci) genes that every person is dif. eye color as opposed to 2 arms 2 legs 1 nose etc.) Term adenine is paired with: guanine is paired with: Definition thymine cytosine Term chemical base Definition adenine, thymine, cytosine or guanine Term protein synthesis Definition production of protein from amino acids Term homologous chromosome Definition chromosomes having the same size, shape, binding pattern, and array of genes; DNA coding for hair color in the allele from your mother is homologous to DNA coding for hair color in the corresponding allele from your father. (at same loci) Term karyotype Definition #, size & configuration of the chromosomes within a species Term somatic cells Definition any cell in the body except sex cells ex. blood cell, nerve cell, smooth muscle cellies -contribute to form and structure of our bodies to function -create new generations of identical cells Term sex cells Definition egg and sperm -pass along genetic info to next generation -create genetic variation in the next generation Term zygotes Definition cell created from 2 sex cells (sperm and egg)= baby! Term crossing over Definition in meiosis (sex repro.) the 3rd step when strands give eachother hugs and in areas where touching occurs, material swaps places Term recombination Definition step 4 of meiosis (sex repro.) where homologous chrom. are recombined. chromosomes align down center and spindle fibers are formed Term dna Definition the material inside the nucleus that carries genetic information The double-stranded, helical molecular chain found within the nucleus of each cell. Term polygenic traits Definition determined by the combined effect of more than one pair of genes...influenced by more than one allele at dif loci often a great number of loci containing dif alleles are responsible for a trait---these traits are polygenic traits Term genetic penetrance Definition describes the extent to which the properties controlled by a gene will be expressed Term complete penetrance Definition an allele that produces the same effect in every individual of the proper genotype Term incomplete penetrance Definition an allele (usually dominant) that successfully becomes displayed in the phenotype of one person with proper genotype but not in another (usually heterozygote on autosomal chromosome) Term variable penetrance/expressivity Definition manifestations of a particular disease may not be present in all those who inherit the defective gene range of signs and symptoms that can occur in def people with the same genotype Term modifier genes Definition genes taht have small quantitative effects on the level of expression of another gene Term regulatory genes Definition genes taht can turn on or turn off the ability of another gene to serve as the code for a protein Term gender Definition social role somebody plays within a group (based in part about their sex) Term sex Definition related to bio and physical attributes/aspects 2 sexes Term deductive reasoning Definition developing ideas then collecting data Term inductive reasoning Definition collecting data and then developing ideas Term science Definition a process used to understand the world which requires that certain rules be followed Term what is sciences goal? Definition sciences goal isnt to prove, its also to unprove Term how is science dif than religion? Definition science: process taht must follow part. rules science doesnt seek to prove, it can only disprove Term law Definition recognized occurence for which the result is always the same Term diploid configuration Definition having 2 of each chromosome Term codon Definition code for an amino acid (series of 3) Term how many naturally occuring amino acids Definition 20 Term protein Definition long strand of amino acids Term codon that tells when codon starts Definition promoter codon Term codon that tells when codons end Definition terminal codon Term genotype Definition # and types of alleles found on your chromosomes Term phenotype Definition how alleles are physically expressed in your body phenotype=genotype+environment can be influenced by behavior of alleles Term co-dominance Definition when 2 dif alleles either both dominant or recessive appear on homologous chromosomes at a particular locus Term arguments about women in science Definition -have been denied access to scientific and other types of education -the scientific process is engendered -women aint got what it takes