Term
| _____ is your subjective sense of being a man or a woman. It is influenced by both biological and social factors. ____ are norms (what is considered appropriate) about the behaviors and attitudes of men and women. |
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Definition
Gender Identity
gender roles |
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Term
| A person's genetic sex is determined at conception by the combination of an egg, which has an X chromosome for sex, and a sperm, which can have either an X or a Y chromosome. ______ combinations usually result in girls, while ____ combinations usually produce boys. |
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Definition
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Term
There are over 70 known irregularities in chromosome combinations. These include men with one or more extra X chromosomes, ____ syndrome, and women with only one X chromosome, _____ syndrome.
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Definition
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Term
| Unless there are high levels of _____ at the embryo stage of prenatal development, nature has programmed the body to develop into a ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hormone abnormalities before birth can result in a mismatch between genetic and anatomical sex, or a baby whose external genitalia are ambiguous in appearance. These individuals are called ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Some individuals feel that they are trapped inside of a body of the wrong sex, a feeling called _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Persons whose gender identity does not match their biological sex are said to have ____. |
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Definition
| gender identity disorder (Transsexuals) |
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Term
| _____ theory emphasizes unconscious identification with the parent of the same sex, while ____ theory emphasizes the role of reinforcement and imitation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cognitive-developmental theory states taht children do not acquire the concept of ___ until the age of ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ theory says that psychological sex differences between men and women are inherent and the result of different reproductive pressures each faced over thousands of generations. |
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Definition
| Evolutionary (sociobiological) |
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Term
| ____ theory emphasizes the role of the environment or social context in influencing the way gender roles develop over the lifespan. |
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Definition
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Term
| Masculinity and femininity were once viewed as opposite ends of a unidimensional continuum, but today they are generally viewed as ___ constructs. |
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Definition
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Term
| This has led to the theory of ____, which says that a person can be both masculine and feminine and that this is the healthiest of all gender roles because of the flexibility it gives individuals in different situations |
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Definition
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Term
| When children cognitively organize the world according to gender, they create gender ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Recent studies have shown that some differences between men and women in sexual attitudes and behaviors are better explained by evolutionary theory (such as _____) while others are better explained by sociocultural theory (such as _____) |
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Definition
sexual desire
sociosexuality |
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Term
| T/F Transgendered and transsexual mean the same thing |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Hormone levels around the time of birth alter brain anatomy to be either "male" or "female"
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Definition
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Term
T/F By the age of 3, children know whether they are a boy or a girl, but do not understand that this cannot change
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Definition
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Term
T/F In the absence of testosterone during embryonic development, we would all be born anatomically a girl
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Definition
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Term
T/F Fathers tend to treat their children in more gender-stereotypic ways than do mothers
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Definition
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Term
T/F transsexual is a term for a type of homosexual
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Definition
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Term
T/F According to the social learning theory, imitation is a process by which children may learn gender identity and gender roles.
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Definition
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Term
T/F The rise of industrialization helped create the male gender role of being independent and unemotional
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Definition
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Term
T/F gender role is the way you express your gender indentity
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Definition
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Term
T/F The most common cause of pseudohermaphroditism in men is androgen insensitivity syndrome.
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Definition
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Term
T/F men's and women's hypothalamuses are different
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Definition
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Term
T/F a transsexual is someone who cross-dresses for sexual arousal
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Definition
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Term
T/F Children do not show gender-stereotyped behavior until they have developed gender constancy
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Definition
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Term
T/F In girls, male sex-play behavior is related to fetal testosterone levels.
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Definition
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Term
T/F there is little noticeable difference between the behavior of bos and the behavior of girls before the age of 2
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Definition
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Term
| Tom believes he is a woman, but is anatomically a man and does not want sex reassignment surgery. |
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Definition
Gender dysphoric
Gender identity disorder
Transendered person |
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Term
| Bob is low in instrumental orientation ("getting the job done") and has great affective concern for the welfare of others. |
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Definition
| "feminine" on Ben Sex-Role Inventory |
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Term
| Frank prefers men as sexual partners. |
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Definition
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Term
| Susan cannot reproduce; she is short and infertile and has one X chromosome |
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Definition
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Term
| Joe is neither instrumental nor expressive, neither assertive nor emotional |
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Definition
| undifferentiated individual |
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Term
| David's body did not respond to testosterone during prenatal development; he has female genitalia and undescended testes. |
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Definition
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
intersexual
pseudohermaphrodite |
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Term
| Sam was born with a very small penis that looked like a clitoris, an incomplete scrotum, and a short, closed vaginal cavity. At puberty his voice deepened, his testicles descended, and his "clitoris" grew to become a penis. |
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Definition
androgen insensitivity syndrome
DHT-deficient individual
intersexual
pseudohermaphrodite |
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Term
| wayne is both instrumental and expressive, assertive and emotional |
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Definition
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Term
| phillip believes he is a woman trapped in a male body and wishes to have sex reassignment surgery |
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Definition
gender dysphoric
gender identity disorder
transsexual |
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Term
| carol has an enlarged clitoris and labia because of too much masculinizing hormone during her fetal development. |
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Definition
adrenogenital syndrom
pseudohermaphrodite
intersexual |
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Term
| mike believes that men should be assertive, aggressive, success-oriented, and unemotional, and play little role in housekeeping and childcare responsibilities. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bobby hickey is tall, with long arms' he has a small penis, shrunken testicles, low sexual desire, and an extra X chromosome. |
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Definition
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Term
| Barbara is genetically a woman, but has both male and female reproductive systems as a result of the failure of her primitive gonads to differentiate during the embryonic stage |
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Definition
hermaphrodite
intersexual |
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Term
| a child's knowledge that his or her sex does not change is called ____ in cognitive-developmental theory |
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Definition
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Term
| according to Cancian, gender roles for men and women did not start to differ until the ____ |
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Definition
| 1800's (when the U.S. and other countries became industrialized) |
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Term
| according to ____ theory, an individual's gender role results from society's expectations of male and female behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| according to freud, children acquire the gender identity of the same-sex parent through the process of ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| the process of internalizing society's beliefs is called ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| oversimplified, rigid beliefs that all memers of a particular sex have distinct behavioral and emotional characteristics are called ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| On Bem's Sex-role Inventory, a person who scores low on both dimensions is called ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| according to Freud, children acquire their gender identity in the ____ stage of psychosexual development. |
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Definition
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Term
| if an individual scores high on both the femininity dimension and the masculine dimension of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, he or she would be called _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| money and ehrhardt (1972) stated, "Nature's rule is it would appear, that to masculinize, something must be added." That something is ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ cross-dress for seual arousal and gratification, whereas ___ cross-dress because they truly believe they are members of the opposite sex |
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Definition
| transvestites; transsexuals |
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Term
| in social learning explanations of gender identity development, when children watch their mothers and fathers and copy them is called ____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the social construction of masculinity and femininity |
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Term
| According to Bem, masculine is to instrumental as feminine is to ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Kagan, boys' and girls' behaviors do not differ at the age of ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Sme languages classify all nouns as either masculine or feminine. this is an example of ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The presence of ____ shortly before and after birth changes the brain to male anatomy |
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Definition
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Term
| among early North American Indian tribes, a ____ was a highly respected man who cross-dressed and assumed the behaviors of a woman. |
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Definition
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