Term
|
Definition
moisten and maintain epithelial surface.
can be bought over the counter |
|
|
Term
| Example of diagnostic aid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic agents (Miotics) |
|
Definition
lower intraocular pressure
increase blood flow to retina
decrease retinal damage and loss of vison |
|
|
Term
| what are the two types of cholinergic agents? |
|
Definition
direct acting cholinergics
indirect acting cholinergics |
|
|
Term
| Example of cholinergic agent |
|
Definition
| Pilocarpine- which cause constricition of the pupil and increases intraocular pressure. |
|
|
Term
| Side effects of Cholinergic agents |
|
Definition
headache
eye pain
decrease vision
can become toxic
vertigo
decrease heart rate
decrease b/p
seizures |
|
|
Term
| What is the antidote of Cholinergic agents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nursing considerations for cholinergic agents |
|
Definition
apply pressure on lacrimal duct to inhibit drug entering the systemic circulation
contraindicated with retinal detachment
caution with asthma, htn, corneal abrasion, hyperthyroidism, cvd
treat overdose with Atropine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ***First line drug choice for the treatment of glaucoma. |
|
|
Term
| What doea Beta Blockers do for glaucoma? |
|
Definition
| decrease production of aqueous humor- exact mechanism is unknown. |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Beta Adrenergic Blockers? |
|
Definition
Betaxol Hcl (betoptic)
Carteolol Hcl (ocupress)
Levobunolol HCl (Timoptic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is effective like beta blockers with the side effects.
lowers intraocular pressure
increase outflow of aqueous humor |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Prostaglandin analouges |
|
Definition
latanoprost (xalatan)
Bimatoprost (lumigan)
Travoprost (travatan) |
|
|
Term
| Side effects/adverse reactions of Prostaglandin Analogues |
|
Definition
*brown pigmentation esp. with green/yellow irises +permanent+
*growth of eyelashes
*blurred vision
*conjunctivitis
*dry eye
*tearing
*light intolerance |
|
|
Term
| Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors |
|
Definition
interfere with production of carbonic acid
decrease aqueous humor formation
decrease intraocular pressure |
|
|
Term
| Nursing considerations for CAI's |
|
Definition
use only when pilocapine, beta blockers, epinephrine, and cholinesterase inhibitors are not effective.
allow 5 to 10 minutes before applying another medication. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
do not use in 1st trimester
do not use if allergic to sulfonamides
lethargy
anorexia
drowsiness
paresthesia
depression
polyuria
nausea and vomiting
hypokalemia
renal calculi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used for preop and postop
decreases vitreous humor volume
rapidly decreases intraocular pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Glycerin (Osmoglyn)
Isosorbide (Ismotic)
Mannitol (Osmitrol) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
headache
nausea and vomiting
diarrhea
disorientation due to electrolyte imbalance |
|
|
Term
| Anticholinergic, Mydriatics and Cycloplegics |
|
Definition
| used in diagnostic procedures and ophthalmic surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paralyze the muscles of accommodation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dilate pupils and paralyze muscles of accommodation |
|
|
Term
| Anticholinergic, Mydriatics, Cycloplegia |
|
Definition
atropine sulfate
epinephrine hcl (epifrin, glaucon)
tropicamide (mydriacyl ophthalmic) |
|
|
Term
Side effects of adrenergic mydriatics
Nursing consideratons |
|
Definition
headache
brow pain
contraindicated in pts with cardiac dysrhythmias, cerebral atherosclerosis, bph, diabetes, parkinsonism
pt to notify hcp of blurred vision, loss of sight, difficulty breathing , increase perspiration, and flush |
|
|
Term
| Side effects of cycloplegia |
|
Definition
tachycardia
photophobia
mouth dryness
edema
conjunctivitis
dermatitis
signs of atropine toxicity: dry mouth, blurred vision, photophobia, constipation, fever, tachycardia, confusion, halluncinations, delirium, coma
contraindicated in pt with glaucoma- increase intraocular pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the leading cause of vision loss over 65. |
|
|
Term
| what type of vision is the macula responsible for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 types of Macular degeneration |
|
Definition
wet-growth of abnormal blood vessels behind the retina shifting macula from normal position; progresses rapidly; 10-15% of cases; wet develops from dry
dry- slowly destroys vision over a period of years. 85-90% of cases; gradual destruction of light sensitive cells leading to blurred vision or blind spot |
|
|
Term
| treatment of macular degeneration |
|
Definition
laser; photodynamic
medications: stabilizes vision |
|
|
Term
| Patient teaching for macular degeneration |
|
Definition
make sure the pt is listening to you
give them the time , instructions and let them do a return demonstration
1 drop is the typical dose
2nd drop is an overflow; too much
wait 5 minutes between drops
maintain sterility of the dropper
store in light resistant container; cool place
do not stop meds without HCP approval
if they have glaucoma that should avoid atropine like drugs
check labels on all otc drugs
carry a medical alert id bracelet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
commonly used for:
acute otitis media
acute otitis externa (swimmer's ear) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
polymixin B- ** first line of drug treatment
tetracycline(achromycin)
erythromycin (e-mycin) |
|
|
Term
| side effects of Otic medications |
|
Definition
| overgrowth on non susceptible organisms |
|
|
Term
| Antihistamine (decongestants) |
|
Definition
reduces nasal and middle ear congestion in acute otitis media
reduce edema around orifice of Eustachian tube-promotes drainage from middle ear |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Antihistamines |
|
Definition
Actifed
Allerest
Dimetapp
Ornade
Phenergan
Triaminic |
|
|
Term
| Side effects of Antihistamines |
|
Definition
drowsiness
blurred vision
dry mucous membranes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loosen and remove impacted ceremun from ear canal. |
|
|
Term
| examples of Ceruminolytics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alternatives to loosen cerumen: |
|
Definition
irrigate with hydrogen peroxide
if chronic?- 1-2 drops of olive oil or mineral oil |
|
|
Term
| Patient teaching for Ear care |
|
Definition
*no foreign objects in ear
*take drugs as prescribed
*keep drug in light resistant container
*instruct the patient about expected drug effect, dosage, side effects, administration technique and also when to notify the HCP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is an adverse reaction to drug therapy
rash, urticarial, papules, vesicles to life threatening erythema multiforme blisters, steven Johnson syndrome, and epidermal necrolysis.
last drug given
lupus like symptoms
antibacterial/anticonvulsnats -(exfoliative dermatitis) cause erythema, itching, scaling, loss of body hair
sulfa antibiotics- epidermal necrolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cause by chemical or plant irritation
skin rash, itching, swelling, blistering, oozing, scaling |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for contact dermatitis |
|
Definition
topical exposure- clean skin immediately!
topical- calamine lotion
systemic- Benadryl and periactin
antipruritic bath- oatmeal or alpha-keri
solutions of potassium permanganate, aluminum subacetate, Ns
glucorticoid ointments, creams, gels- can be absorbed systemically. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use Silvadene cream (silver sulfadiazine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prevents and treats sepsis in 2nd and 3rd degree burns
acts on cell membrane and cell wall to produce bactericidial effects
1% or less of silver is absorbed; 10% of sulfadiazine is absorbed |
|
|
Term
| Nursing consideration for Silvadene Cream |
|
Definition
Watch for crystalluria
side effects: skin discoloration, burning, rashes, erythema, skin necrosis, leukopenia |
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