Term
Explain the difference between
replication and repetition in a
scientific experiment. |
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Definition
Peplication- when the experiment is repeated by someone else to determine if the results are correct.
Repetition- When you re-do the same experiment over and over. |
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Term
Identify the benefits and
limitations of the use of
scientific models. |
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Definition
Allows us to see those things that are too small or large.
Limitation is that the model is NOT the real thing and therefore does not correctly model all the parts well. |
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Term
Give one positive effect and one
negative effect of
Biotechnology. |
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Definition
POSITIVE-In plants, it would be great to have a plant that can make it's own toxic chemical to prevent bugs from eating it.
NEGATIVE- Could be harmful to good insects and the pollen could spread to other plants. |
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Term
Compare and Contrast
Scientific observation and
scientific experiments. |
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Definition
Scientific Observations only make observations of nature.
Experiments change a variable to determine the effects. |
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Term
Explain the difference between
dominate and recessive traits. |
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Definition
| In Medelian genetics, the Dominant trait is the that will masked (cover up) the recessive when it is present. |
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Term
What percentage of
heterozygous offspring will
result from a BB and Bb cross? |
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Definition
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Term
B = Blue feathers b = White feathers
Mother
B b
b
b
CATEGORY
Punnett Squares/Pedigrees
LEVEL
4
QUESTION
How do geneticists use
Pedigrees to explain the
inheritance of traits?
CATEGORY
Punnett Squares/Pedigrees
LEVEL
3
QUESTION
How do differences in
genotypes cause variations in
phenotypes?
CATEGORY
Punnett Squares/Pedigrees
LEVEL
2
QUESTION
What is the difference between
phenotype and genotype?
CATEGORY
Punnett Squares/Pedigrees
LEVEL
1
QUESTION
What does the term
homozygous mean? |
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Definition
| Means SAME... A genotype will have the SAME letters (RR or rr) |
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Term
How do geneticists use
Pedigrees to explain the
inheritance of traits? |
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Definition
| Geneticists can use Punnett squares with known mates to determine the how certain traits are passed down. |
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Term
How do differences in
genotypes cause variations in
phenotypes? |
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Definition
| Since DNA codes for a certain protein which will produce a certain phenotype, then changing a single letter of DNA will result in a different phenotype being expressed. |
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Term
What is the difference between
phenotype and genotype? |
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Definition
Phenotype- what the trait will physically look like
Genotype- two letters (ex: Rr)that represent the allele you received from your father and the one you received from your mother. |
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Term
What does the term
heterozygous mean? |
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Definition
| Means different. The two letters of the genotype are different. |
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Term
| What is a limiting factor? |
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Definition
| Any factor (water, food, shelter, disease, nesting sites, sunlight) that will limit the growth of a population. |
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Term
| What is the relationship between carrying capacity and limiting factors? |
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Definition
| The limiting factors will naturally determine the maximum number of individuals that can live in an area(carrying capacity). |
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Term
| Explain how energy from the Sun is transformed through photosynthesis to produce chemical energy in food. |
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Definition
| Plants take in sunlight and mix it with Carbon dioxide and water to make sugars that it uses for growth and reproduction and stores about 10% in it's tissues that is then available to a Primary Consumer when it eats it. |
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Term
| What is a producer? Give one example. |
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Definition
Producer- Makes its own food by photosynthesis.
Any plant. |
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Term
| State the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes |
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Definition
| Genes are segments of DNA that are found on Chromosomes. |
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Term
| How can the coded information in genes be altered? |
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Definition
| A Mutation occurs when the coded information in DNA is changed. |
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Term
| Where in a cell can you find DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
QUESTION
Why is crossing over and why is it important genetically? |
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Definition
| Crossing Over allows for genes on the chromosomes to be exchanged with on another. This results in sex cells with different genetic information |
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Term
| What happens to DNA during the process of meiosis? |
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Definition
The DNA is divided.
Meiosis results in half the amount of DNA in each sex cell. |
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Term
| What is natural selection? |
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Definition
| A factor in the environment (could be food item) naturally selects the trait in the organism (like type of beak) that is best suited for that factor and will therefore live well and reproduce to pass that trait on to its offspring. |
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Term
| Give an example of an animal and an adaptation that enabled that animal to survive? |
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Definition
| A Polar Bears thick fur and large disk shaped paws were selected for in the Polar areas and it therefore is able to live in the cold coastal area. |
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Term
| Explain how genetic variation and environmental factors contribute to natural selection. |
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Definition
Giraffes had much shorter necks many generations ago. However the Giraffe competed with many other animals for the leaves on the shorter bushes. Those Giraffes that were born with a mutation that caused a slightly longer neck got to eat more of the fruits and leaves higher in the tree and therefore survived well to reproduce and pass that trait on to its offspring.
So a factor (more leaves higher in trees) selected the trait (longer neck). |
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Term
| What is the relationship between carrying capacity and limiting factors? |
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Definition
Carrying Capacity is the Maximum number of organisms that can to supported in an area.
Therefore, any limiting factor (food, water, water, disease, shelter, etc) will determine that maximum number. |
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Term
| Describe observations that Darwin made that supported his idea that living things change (adapt) over time. |
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Definition
Darwin observed Finches on the Islands of the Galapagos. He observed that the finches with the BIG beak were found on the islands with the larger harder seeds while the finches with the smaller beaks were found on the islands with small soft berries for food.
He reasoned that the food available on the islands picked the trait (beak size) that would be most successful. |
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Term
| What are the 4 principals of natural selection? |
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Definition
Fossil record
DNA
Common Sructures
Embroyology |
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Term
| Explain how a species’ inability to adapt will contribute to the extinction of that species. |
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Definition
| If there is not enough variation within the species, then as the environment changes, there may not be a trait that it best suited for the changing environment and the species will all die off. |
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Term
Create a Punnett Square showing the Female and Male as heterozygous.
What % will be Homozygous Dominant, Heterozygous and Homozygous Recessive? |
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Definition
| Can't do the Punnett Square here, but you should end up with 25% being Homozygous Dominate along with 25% Homozygous Recessive and 50% heterozygous. |
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Term
What type of inheritance is involved with eye or hair color?
With Blood type? |
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Definition
Eye or hair color is Multiple Alleles.
Blood type- Co-dominant. |
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Term
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Definition
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