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Details Title: Semester 1 Review Description: Mr. Sutton Honors Biology Semester 1 Review Total Flash Cards: 100 Created: 01/22/2005 09:22:00	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Response Definition Living Things adjust to a stimulus by a reaction called a ___________. Term Hypothesis Definition A testable explanation for a question or problem is a _________. Term Independent Variable Definition The single factor that is altered in an experiment is the __________. Term Every Definition Its flow through ecosystems determines how organisms interact and power all life processes. Term Control Definition The part of an experiment in which all conditions are kept the same. Term Variable Definition The factor being tested in an experiment. Term Decay by Bacteria Definition Nitrogen is released to the Abiotic parts of the biosphere from the process death and ________. Term Living & Nonliving things Definition Ecology is the study of relationships among ________. Term Carbon Dioxide Definition "In the carbon cycle, in what form are carbon atoms generally returned to the atmosphere?" Term Autotrophs Definition Organisms that use the Sun's energy to make food are called ___________. Term Community Definition A collection of interacting populations is called a ____________. Term Food Web Definition A network of interconnected food chains is called a ___________________. Term Temperature & Precipitation Definition Location of biomes are usually determined by __________. Term Secondary Succession Definition "After a community is disrupted by large scale events, such as forest fires, a new community is established through the process of ___________." Term Tropical Rain Forest Definition Which terrestrial biome houses the most diversity? Term The regular progression of species replacement in an environment. Definition Succession is _______________. Term an estuary Definition The body of water where freshwater from a river mixes with salt water is called ___________. Term Temperate Forest Definition Land populated with broad-0leaved hardwood trees that lose their leaves annually is called __________. Term S Definition A population that grows until it reaches carrying capacity usually has the shape of a(n) ______________. Term Emigration Definition The movement of individuals from a population is __________________. Term Food Definition Which of the following factors is density-dependent? Term Density-independent Definition "Storms, cold temps, & drought are all ______________." Term Over her lifetime Definition A female's fertility rate is the number of offspring she produces ____________________. Term Exponential growth Definition A J-shaped growth curve indicates a population is experiencing __________________. Term Habitat Loss Definition The major threat to biodiversity is ____________. Term Habitat Degradation Definition Water & air pollution are examples of _______________. Term Capture of Endangered Species Definition Reintroduction programs involve the __________________. Term Decreased species diversity within an area Definition Habitat fragmentation often leads to ________________. Term CFC's Definition The reduction of the ozone layers is caused by ______________. Term American Bald Eagle Definition "DDT was effective in killing insects. However, which organism was endangered most by its use." Term Electron Clouds Definition Electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in regions called _____________________. Term 13 Definition A very strong base might have a pH of ________. Term 45 Definition "The total number of atoms in a molecule of sucrose, C12H22O11, is ______." Term Covalent Bond Definition "A ________ is formed which 2 atoms share electrons, such as with H and O in water." Term Atoms Definition Which are the building blocks of all objects? Term H+ ions Definition An acid is any substance what forms _________ in water. Term Eukaryotic Definition "If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be ________." Term Ribosomes Definition Proteins are assembled by which organelles? Term Vacuole Definition "A membrane-bound, fluid filled sac (providing temporary storage of food, enzymes, or waste products) is called a _________." Term Mitochondria Definition This organelle produces a useable form of energy in the form of ATP for the cell. Term Electron Microscope Definition The microscope that allowed scientists to vies molecules. Term Chromosomes Definition "When a cell is ready to reproduce, its DNA is paced into _________." Term Hypertonic Definition Water moves out of a cell if the cell is placed in a __________ solution. Term volume; surface area Definition "As a cell grows, its ___________ increases more than its _______." Term Interphase Definition The longest phase of the cell cycle is _____________. Term Mitosis Definition The division of the nucleus is called __________. Term Mitosis Definition Which of the following does not control the cell cycle? Term DNA Definition Chromosomes are made of _________. Term Chlorophyll Definition A green pigment that raps energy from sunlight is ___________. Term 2 Phosphate groups Definition Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between ____________. Term 6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6OI2 Definition Which of the following equations best represents photosynthesis? Term NADPH Definition What product of the light-dependent reactions is used in the Calvin cycle? Term Aerobic; anaerobic Definition "_______ processes require oxygen, whereas ________ processes do not." Term ATP Definition Which molecule provides the most accessible source of energy for cells? Term Genetic Recombination Definition Crossing over results in __________. Term One factor Definition "Mendel's law of segregation states that during meiosis, the factors that control each trait separate, and only __________ from each pair is/are passed on." Term Different Chromosomes Definition The law of independent assortment states that the inheritance of alleles for one trait is not affected by inheritance of alleles for a different trait if the genes fro the traits are on _________________. Term all black Definition "A female guinea pig homozygous dominant for black fur color is mated with a male homozygous for white fur color. In a litter of eight offspring, there would probably be." Term Homozygous recessive Definition A white mouse whose parents are both white produces only brown offspring when mated with a brown mouse. The white mouse is most probably __________________. Term Anaphase I Definition During what phase of meiosis do sister chromatids separate? Term Double Helix Definition Watson and Krick were the first to suggest that DNA is a _____________. Term Replication Definition The process by which a DNA molecule is copied is called ___________. Term Transcription Definition mRNA is formed in the process of ________. Term Frameshift mutation Definition A mutation in which a single base is added or deleted from DNA is called a ____________. Term Sex Chromosomes Definition The 23rd pair of chromosomes that differs in males and females is are called _____________. Term Punnet Square Definition "If a female fruit fly heterozygous for red eyes (XRXr) crossed with a white eyed male (XrY), what percent of the offspring will have white eyes?" Term Polygenic Definition Eye color in humans is the result of ________ inheritance. Term Recessive Alleles Definition Most human genetic disorders are caused by the expression of _____________. Term PKU Definition A human genetic defect that results in the failure to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine is __________. Term 25% Definition A man heterozygous for blood type A marries a woman heterozygous for blood type B. The chance that their first child will have blood type O is ___________. Term Electrophoresis Definition The process used to separate DNA segments of different lengths is ________________. Term Recombinant DNA Definition A section of mouse DNA is joined to a bacterial plasmid. The DNA formed is ____________________. Term Transgenic Definition An organism that contains functional recombinant DNA is called a ____________ organism. Term Inbreeding Definition _______________ usually increases the appearance of genetic disorders. Term Bacterial Definition ___________ cells are the primary source of the plasmids used in DNA technology today. Term Vector Definition General term for a vehicle used to transfer a foreign DNA fragment into a host cell: ____________. Term Petrified fossil Definition "An exact stone copy of an original organism, the bard parts of which have been penetrated and replaced by minerals is called a(n) ___________." Term Sedimentary Definition Most fossils occur in layers of ___________ rock. Term Eukaryotes; prokaryotes Definition The endosymbiant theory suggests how ________ evolved from ___________. Term Paleozoic era Definition Shallow seas that teemed with life could first be found in the _____________. Term Photosynthesis Definition Scientists theorize that oxygen buildup in the atmosphere resulted from ________________. Term Relative Dating Definition The concept of _____________ will relevant only whether one fossil is older than another. Term Survival and reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best adapted to the environment. Definition Natural selection can best be defined as the _________________________________________. Term Convergent Evolution Definition A pattern of evolution that results when two unrelated species begin to appear similar because of environmental conditions is __________________. Term Directional Definition ____________ selection favors one extreme form of a trait in a population. Term Mimicry Definition Provides protection for an organism by copying the appearance of another species. Term Charles Darwin Definition "When ___________ developed the theory of natural selection in the 1800s, he did not include a genetic explanation." Term Gene Pool Definition The entire collection of genes among a population is its ______________. Term Division Definition A group of related classes of plants is a _____________. Term Cladistics Definition The method used to construct a hypothetical evolutionary tree is ______________. Term Linnaeus Definition _____________ based most of his classification system on structural similarity. Term Binomial Nomenclature Definition Linnaeus devised a system for organisms called____________. Term Family Definition All genera of dogs are classified in the taxon called a _________. Term Species Definition Which taxon includes only organisms that can successfully interbreed? Term DNA or RNA Definition The genetic material of a virus is the ___________. Term Lytic Cycle Definition Viral genes are expressed immediately after the virus infects the host cell in the ____________. Term Lysogenic cycle Definition Viral DNA is integrated into the host cell's chromosome in the _____________. Term Binary fission Definition Two identical cells are produced in __________. Term Nitrogen fixation Definition The process by which bacteria use enzymes to convert nitrogen gas into ammonia is ____________. Term oxygen; obligate anaerobes Definition Bacteria that require _________ or respiration are called _____________.