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Sem 1 Review
Vocabulary Words for AP English Lang. and Comp.
43
English
12th Grade
12/11/2012

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Term
Repetition (n)
Definition
1. Reiteration (duplication)
Term
Parallelism (n)
Definition
1. In writing, the intentional balancing of construction with words or portions of words, phrases, or sentences
Term
Anaphora (n)
Definition
1. In rhetoric, the repetition of the same words or phrases at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses or sentences (a form of repetition and parallelism)
Ex: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times." -Dickens
2. In grammar, the co reference of one expression with its antecedent (precursor). The antecedent provides the information necessary for the expression's interpretation.
Ex: *A woman* was eating in the café; *she* was sitting by the window.
Term
Epistrophe (n)
Definition
1. In rhetoric, the repetition of the same words or phrases at the end of successive phrases, clauses or sentences (a form of repetition and parallelism); the counterpart to anaphora
(think "epi" as in "epilogue"
Term
Antithesis (n)
Definition
1. Exact opposite (converse)
2. In writing, the use of two terms in contrast
Ex: pretty ugly
3. In rhetoric, a stylistic device that is a form of parallelism where the writer juxtaposes sharply-contrasting ideas in balanced (or parallel) words, phrases, or grammatical sturcture
Ex: "To err is human; to forgive is divine."
Term
Isocolon (n)
Definition
1. In writing, a from of parallelism where items are similar in both grammatical structure and length—creating a beat, or rhythm, to the work
Ex: "Many are called but few are chosen."
Term
Illustrative Detail (n)
Definition
1. In rhetoric, the use of details and examples (facts or stories) to clarify and expound on an idea
Term
Alliteration (n)
Definition
1. In writing, the use of the same beginning consonant on two or more words that are in close proximity; alliteration is also used with vowels
Term
Allusion (n)
Definition
1. Indirect, casual mention that refers to another idea
Term
Figurative language (n)
Definition
1. Language that goes beyond the literal meaning; examples of figurative language are imagery, simile, metaphor, alliteration, personification, onomatopoeia, hyperbole, and idioms
Term
Comparison (n)
Definition
1. To liken one thing to another; to show relationship in similarity
Term
Description (n)
Definition
1. A statement explaining, telling, illustrating, or expressing
Term
Imagery (n)
Definition
1. In writing, a device or description creating a sensory image for the reader
Term
Source (n/v)
Definition
1. Origin (cause, basis) [n]
2. In writing, anyone or anything supplying information [n]
3. To trace the origin [v]
Term
Primary source/direct source (n)
Definition
1. An original authoritative document or first-hand, eyewitness account
Term
Citation/cite (n/v)
Definition
1. In writing, a reference to the source information in the work [n]
2. The act of quoting [v]
3. A formal award or letter of commendation
Term
Search engine (n)
Definition
1. A general name for programs and sites that permit you to search other sites
2. A computer system that searches for and returns data from specific areas of the Internet; searches include the input of specific words, and data returned are called "hits" or "returns"
Term
Database (n)
Definition
1. A program storing, retrieving, and managed information; online databases are available on the Internet; digital databases may be easily searched for a specific topic or content item
Term
Bibliography (n)
Definition
1. A list at the end of an article or paper that shows the referenced works, in alphabetical order by author's last name; the purpose of the bibliography is to show a reader the exact information needed to locate the source used in the written work
Term
audience (noun)
Definition
1. people watching, listening, or reading what you have to offer (viewers, spectators)
2. a prearranged meeting with an important person (meeting)
Term
purpose (noun)
Definition
1. reason for, point for acting (principle, point)
2. to think through, intent to act (goal)
Term
essay (noun)
Definition
1. a short written work that deals with a specific topic; the topic can be addressed in a form that describes or analyzes; essays express a point of view (composition)
Term
active voice
Definition
1. The placement of the very so that the subject is doing the acting
2. The opposite of passive voice
Ex: Marcus posted his response early in the week
Term
passive voice
Definition
1. The placement of words in a sentence where the subject is acted on by the verb, often using the forms of "to be"
2. The opposite of active voice
Ex: The response had been posted by Marcus early in the week
Term
Linear writing (n)
Definition
1. The act of writing in a way that leads the reader from one thought to another, with nothing missing, in stepwise progression
Term
"PEAs" (an acronym)
Definition
1. An acronym that stands for "Point, Evidence, Analysis" — a typical outlining device of the three parts of a paragraph: beginning, middle, and end
Term
Transition (n/v)
Definition
1. A change from one state to another (shift, evolution) [n]
2. A physical movement from one place or position to another [v]
3. In music, a modulation [n]
4. In theater or movies, the passage from one scene to another with music or sound effects [n]
Term
Nonfiction (n)
Definition
1. Factual prose, as opposed to imaginative works
2. A group of works in the category of factual prose
Term
Fiction (n)
Definition
1. Imaginative writing
2. A group of works in the category of imaginative writing
Term
Tone (n)
Definition
1. in writing, referring to a particular mental or emotional state
Term
Voice (n/v)
Definition
1. In writing, the author's specific writing style that encompasses his or her tendencies toward use of diction and syntax [n]
Term
Ethos/ethical appeal (n)
Definition
1. In rhetoric, an appeal through the author's character, ethics, and standing that gains respect
Term
Pathos/emotional appeal (n)
Definition
1. In rhetoric, an appeal through emotion, sympathies, and imagination, targeted at the audience's draw to such
Term
Logos/rational-logic appeal (n)
Definition
1. In rhetoric, an appeal through logic that relies on facts and statistics, clearly presenting ideas, and effectively arguing a point
Term
Style (n/v)
Definition
1. In writing, referring to a form or character, based on the arrangement of words for clarity and meeting the piece's purpose [n]
Term
Abstract (n, v, adj)
Definition
1. A summary of research or scientific text, one paragraph in length, concisely stating the entire project; it is used to allow a reader to understand a written project at a glance [n]
2. An immaterial idea [n]
3. To take out [v]
4. Theoretical [adj]
5. Hard to understand [adj]
Term
Outline [n/v]
Definition
1. An organized written plan of a proposed written piece giving a general idea of the content and its order [n]
2. The outer edge [n]
3. To create an organized written plan of a proposed written piece [v]
4. To sketch around the edge [v]
Term
Introduction (n)
Definition
1. The moment of introducing one person to another
2. In a written work, the first paragraph or section that brings the reader into your piece
3. In a book, the opening secrion the discussed the book's content and author, usually written by a noted authority or well-known individual endorsing the author and the work
4. In music, the opening portion or section before the main theme
5. In a field of study, an elementary presentation of the content
Term
Hook (n/v)
Definition
1. A curving piece made to hold an abject [n]
2. A rounded shape open on one end [n]
3. In writing, the first words or lines that grap the reader's attention, usually a startling statistic or fact, quote, story, or idea the is unusual—meant to keep the reader reading with interest [n]
4. In marketing, something the gets others' attention [n]
5. To make a move in a curved direction [v]
6. To pull in [v]
Term
Thesis/thesis statement (n)
Definition
1. In any nonfiction work, a single sentence reflecting the main idea or claim
2. Main idea, key idea, or vital assertion
Term
Conclusion (n)
Definition
1. End (close, finale)
2. Final decision or calculation
3. In writing, the final paragraph or portion that summarizes and challenges
Term
Prospectus (n)
Definition
1. In college writing, a document describing the major features of an argumentative paper, with the purpose of presenting the planned structure and argument of the paper
2. In a business venture, a document describing the benefits of the proposed work, for investors to evaluate, approve, and support the work
Term
Synopsis (n)
Definition
1. Summary or brief
2. In writing, a brief summary of the plot
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